Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are major defense-related phenolics in mulberry, but the mechanism underlying their biosynthesis remains uncharacterized. In this study, the relationship between the expression of genes encoding anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) or leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and PA biosynthesis was investigated in white and red mulberry fruits. In ripening fruits, the MnANR and MnLAR transcription levels tended to decrease, whereas the catechin and epicatechin contents initially increased and then decreased. In contrast, the PA content exhibited a clearly different trend. The ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLAR in tobacco increased the resistance to Botrytis cinerea, as evidenced by the less extensive disease symptoms of the transgenic plants compared with the wild-type plants. In vitro experiments revealed that the transgenic tobacco crude leaf extract had an obvious inhibitory effect on B. cinerea. Moreover, the ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLAR in tobacco inhibited the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, resulting in decreased anthocyanin contents in flowers. The results of this study may be useful for elucidating the mechanism underlying PA biosynthesis. Furthermore, ANR and LAR represent potential targets for improving the resistance of mulberry and related plant species to B. cinerea.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
MnANR and MnLAR transcription tended to decline in ripening mulberry fruit.
Verbatim
e0“In ripening fruits, the MnANR and MnLAR transcription levels tended to decrease, whereas the catechin and epicatechin contents initially increased and then decreased.”
t0“Mulberry genes MnANR and MnLAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Catechin and epicatechin contents first increased and then decreased during mulberry fruit ripening.
Verbatim
e0“In ripening fruits, the MnANR and MnLAR transcription levels tended to decrease, whereas the catechin and epicatechin contents initially increased and then decreased.”
t0“Mulberry genes MnANR and MnLAR”
Claim · model-written summary
PA content followed a different trend in ripening mulberry fruit.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the PA content exhibited a clearly different trend.”
t0“Mulberry genes MnANR and MnLAR”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic MnANR expression increased tobacco resistance to Botrytis cinerea relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- ectopic expression of MnANRe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Gene
- MnANRe0
- Outcome
- resistance to Botrytis cinereae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLAR in tobacco increased the resistance to Botrytis cinerea, as evidenced by the less extensive disease symptoms of the transgenic plants compared with the wild-type plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic MnLAR expression increased tobacco resistance to Botrytis cinerea relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLARe0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- MnLARe0
- Outcome
- resistance to Botrytis cinereae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLAR in tobacco increased the resistance to Botrytis cinerea, as evidenced by the less extensive disease symptoms of the transgenic plants compared with the wild-type plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic tobacco crude leaf extract inhibited B. cinerea in vitro.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- transgenic tobaccoe0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect on B. cinereae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro experiments revealed that the transgenic tobacco crude leaf extract had an obvious inhibitory effect on B. cinerea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic MnANR and MnLAR expression inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis gene expression in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLARe0
- Gene
- MnANR and MnLARe0
- Outcome
- expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLAR in tobacco inhibited the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, resulting in decreased anthocyanin contents in flowers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ectopic MnANR and MnLAR expression decreased tobacco flower anthocyanin content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLARe0
- Gene
- MnANR and MnLARe0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, the ectopic expression of MnANR and MnLAR in tobacco inhibited the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, resulting in decreased anthocyanin contents in flowers.”
Claim · model-written summary
ANR and LAR are proposed as targets to improve resistance of mulberry and related species to B. cinerea.
- Taxon
- mulberrye0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- ANR and LARe0
- Outcome
- improving the resistance of mulberry and related plant species to B. cinereae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, ANR and LAR represent potential targets for improving the resistance of mulberry and related plant species to B. cinerea.”
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.