Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on salt affected soil cultivated with cowpea crop (Vigna unguiculata)under drip irrigation system to evaluate the impact of using mineral fertilizer, fulvic acid, and seaweeds with or without bio-inoculation to combat soil salinity stress. All soil ameliorates were applied in combination with or without Aspergillus terreus inoculation. Seeds of cowpea plants were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp for all fertilization and amendment treatments. 15N isotope dilution technique was followed to accurately distinguish between N-derived sources gained by cowpea crop. Results indicated that shoot fresh weight of plants treated with full dose of mineral fertilizer was enhanced by fungal inoculation comparing to the un-inoculated plants. Similar trend, but to somewhat lower extent, was noticed with both root and seeds. Fresh weight of shoot, root and seeds of plants either inoculated or not were decreased, except shoot of un-inoculated one, when seaweeds were added as compared to those fertilized with mineral fertilizer. Similar trend, but to somewhat higher extent, was noticed with fulvic acid treatment. Contrary, seeds of plants were severely decreased in the presence of fulvic acid comparing to those treated with seaweeds or mineral N-fertilizer. The positive effect of fungal inoculation on enhancement of fresh weight was noticed with plants fertilized with mineral N-fertilizer. Nitrogen uptake by shoots of inoculated plants was higher in case of mineral fertilizer than those recorded with seaweeds but nearly similar to those induced by application of fulvic acid. In contrast, the un-inoculated plants didn't reflect any significant variation between the fertilization treatments. N uptake was increased with application of mineral fertilizer comparing to those resulted from application of seaweeds or fulvic acid. But the effect was not significant in fungal inoculated plants. N uptake by seeds of inoculated plants fertilized with full dose of mineral fertilizer was higher than those of plants treated with fulvic acid but nearly closed to those induced by addition of seaweeds. The highest values of nitrogen derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were recorded with application of mineral fertilizer. This holds true for all plant organs. Remarkable enhancement of Ndff was noticed in case of fungal inoculated plants comparing to the un-inoculated ones. Nitrogen derived from air (%Ndfa) ranged from 35% up to more than 60% depending on plant organ and fungal or non-fungal inoculation treatments. Ndfa were higher in un-inoculated plants than those recorded with the inoculated one. Seeds accumulate more Ndfa than roots or shoot.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation increased shoot fresh weight under full mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- fungal inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus terreus
Aspergillus terreuse1othere0 - Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot fresh weight of plants treated with full dose of mineral fertilizer was enhanced by fungal inoculation comparing to the un-inoculated plants”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“All soil ameliorates were applied in combination with or without Aspergillus terreus inoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation similarly increased root and seed fresh weight to a lesser extent.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fungal inoculatione1
- Outcome
- root and seedse0
- Qualifier
- somewhat lower extente0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar trend, but to somewhat lower extent, was noticed with both root and seeds.”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“Results indicated that shoot fresh weight of plants treated with full dose of mineral fertilizer was enhanced by fungal inoculation comparing to the un-inoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seaweeds reduced shoot, root and seed fresh weight relative to mineral fertilizer, except uninoculated shoots.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- seaweedse0
- Outcome
- Fresh weight of shoot, root and seedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except shoot of un-inoculated onee0
- Comparator
- mineral fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight of shoot, root and seeds of plants either inoculated or not were decreased, except shoot of un-inoculated one, when seaweeds were added as compared to those fertilized with mineral fertilizer.”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid similarly reduced fresh weight more than seaweeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fulvic acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar trend, but to somewhat higher extent, was noticed with fulvic acid treatment.”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“Fresh weight of shoot, root and seeds of plants either inoculated or not were decreased, except shoot of un-inoculated one, when seaweeds were added as compared to those fertilized with mineral fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid severely reduced seed fresh weight compared with seaweeds or mineral fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fulvic acide0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- seaweeds or mineral N-fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds of plants were severely decreased in the presence of fulvic acid comparing to those treated with seaweeds or mineral N-fertilizer”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
In inoculated plants, shoot nitrogen uptake was higher with mineral fertilizer than seaweeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptake by shootse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- seaweedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake by shoots of inoculated plants was higher in case of mineral fertilizer than those recorded with seaweeds”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
In inoculated plants, shoot nitrogen uptake under mineral fertilizer was nearly similar to fulvic acid.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fulvic acide0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptake by shootse1
- Direction
- nearly similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but nearly similar to those induced by application of fulvic acid”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“Nitrogen uptake by shoots of inoculated plants was higher in case of mineral fertilizer than those recorded with seaweeds but nearly similar to those induced by application of fulvic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated plants showed no significant nitrogen uptake variation between fertilizers.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- N uptakee1
- Direction
- significant variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the un-inoculated plants didn't reflect any significant variation between the fertilization treatments”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“Nitrogen uptake by shoots of inoculated plants was higher in case of mineral fertilizer than those recorded with seaweeds but nearly similar to those induced by application of fulvic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer increased nitrogen uptake relative to seaweeds or fulvic acid.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- seaweeds or fulvic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N uptake was increased with application of mineral fertilizer comparing to those resulted from application of seaweeds or fulvic acid”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
The fertilizer effect on nitrogen uptake was not significant in fungal inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- N uptakee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But the effect was not significant in fungal inoculated plants.”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“N uptake was increased with application of mineral fertilizer comparing to those resulted from application of seaweeds or fulvic acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed nitrogen uptake with mineral fertilizer was higher than with fulvic acid in inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- full dose of mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- N uptake by seedse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- fulvic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N uptake by seeds of inoculated plants fertilized with full dose of mineral fertilizer was higher than those of plants treated with fulvic acid”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed nitrogen uptake under mineral fertilizer was close to seaweeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- N uptake by seedse1
- Direction
- nearly closede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but nearly closed to those induced by addition of seaweeds”
t0“COWPEA”
e1“N uptake by seeds of inoculated plants fertilized with full dose of mineral fertilizer was higher than those of plants treated with fulvic acid but nearly closed to those induced by addition of seaweeds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave the highest fertilizer-derived nitrogen in all organs.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nitrogen derived from fertilizer (Ndff)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- all plant organse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of nitrogen derived from fertilizer (Ndff) were recorded with application of mineral fertilizer. This holds true for all plant organs.”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation increased fertilizer-derived nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- fungal inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- Ndffe0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Remarkable enhancement of Ndff was noticed in case of fungal inoculated plants comparing to the un-inoculated ones.”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Air-derived nitrogen ranged from 35% to over 60% across organs and inoculation treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen derived from air (%Ndfa)e0
- Value
- 35% up to more than 60%e0
- Qualifier
- depending on plant organ and fungal or non-fungal inoculation treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen derived from air (%Ndfa) ranged from 35% up to more than 60% depending on plant organ and fungal or non-fungal inoculation treatments.”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Uninoculated plants had higher air-derived nitrogen than inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Ndfae0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ndfa were higher in un-inoculated plants than those recorded with the inoculated one.”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds accumulated more air-derived nitrogen than roots or shoots.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Outcome
- Ndfae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- roots or shoote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds accumulate more Ndfa than roots or shoot.”
t0“COWPEA”
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