Abstract
Melatonin has been demonstrated to play a variety of roles in plants. Of particular importance is its role as a potent antioxidative agent. In the present study, we generated melatonin-deficient tomato plants using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach and melatonin-rich tomato plants by foliar application of melatonin. These tomato plants were used to assess the effect of melatonin on chilling-induced oxidative stress and chilling-induced photosynthesis inhibition. We found that melatonin deficiency increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated lipid peroxidation in chilling-stressed tomato leaves, while exogenous application of melatonin had the opposite effect. Under chilling stress, melatonin-deficient tomato plants showed impaired antioxidant capacity as evidenced by lower activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased rations of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced ascorbate (AsA)/oxidized ascorbate (DHA), compared with melatonin-rich tomato plants. Furthermore, suppression of melatonin biosynthesis led to more photosynthesis inhibition under the chilling condition and compromised the capability of subsequent photosynthesis recovery in tomato plants. In addition, melatonin-deficient tomato plants displayed less activity of an important Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) than melatonin-rich tomato plants under chilling stress. Collectively, our data indicate that melatonin is critical for antioxidant capacity and redox balance and is in favor of photosynthesis in tomato plants under chilling stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin deficiency increased reactive oxygen species in chilled tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- melatonin deficiencye0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin deficiency increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated lipid peroxidation in chilling-stressed tomato leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin deficiency aggravated lipid peroxidation in chilled tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- melatonin deficiencye0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- aggravatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin deficiency increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated lipid peroxidation in chilling-stressed tomato leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin had the opposite effects on ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of melatonine0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- opposite effecte0
- Comparator
- melatonin deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin deficiency increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggravated lipid peroxidation in chilling-stressed tomato leaves, while exogenous application of melatonin had the opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilled melatonin-deficient tomatoes had lower antioxidant enzyme activities than melatonin-rich plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- melatonin-deficiente0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- melatonin-rich tomato plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin-deficient tomato plants showed impaired antioxidant capacity as evidenced by lower activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased rations of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced ascorbate (AsA)/oxidized ascorbate (DHA), compared with melatonin-rich tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilled melatonin-deficient tomatoes had lower GSH/GSSG and AsA/DHA ratios than melatonin-rich plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- melatonin-deficiente1
- Outcome
- rations of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced ascorbate (AsA)/oxidized ascorbate (DHA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- melatonin-rich tomato plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased rations of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced ascorbate (AsA)/oxidized ascorbate (DHA), compared with melatonin-rich tomato plants”
e1“melatonin-deficient tomato plants showed impaired antioxidant capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing melatonin biosynthesis caused more photosynthesis inhibition under chilling.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- suppression of melatonin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis inhibitione0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of melatonin biosynthesis led to more photosynthesis inhibition under the chilling condition and compromised the capability of subsequent photosynthesis recovery in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppressing melatonin biosynthesis impaired subsequent photosynthesis recovery.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- suppression of melatonin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- capability of subsequent photosynthesis recoverye0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of melatonin biosynthesis led to more photosynthesis inhibition under the chilling condition and compromised the capability of subsequent photosynthesis recovery in tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SBPase activity was lower in chilled melatonin-deficient than melatonin-rich tomatoes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- melatonin-deficiente0
- Gene
- sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase)e0
- Outcome
- activity of an important Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase)e0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- melatonin-rich tomato plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin-deficient tomato plants displayed less activity of an important Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) than melatonin-rich tomato plants under chilling stress”
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