Abstract
Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity, and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth. Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, “Shennong17”, “Shennong8”, and “Shennong12”, were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively. Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy2, and GmA-INV, but decreased starch content by 15.13% in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulation, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymes, the expression levels of genes related to metabolism, and the expression levels of sucrose transporter genes were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced leaf photosynthetic rate in soybean by 63.93.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63.93e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced soybean shoot biomass by 33.53.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33.53e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress reduced soybean seed weight by 41.65.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 41.65e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and acid invertase in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Gene
- sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertasee0
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertasee0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes”
e1“Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress up-regulated the expression of GmSPS1, GmSuSy2 and GmA-INV in soybean.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Gene
- GmSPS1, GmSuSy2, and GmA-INVe0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy2, and GmA-INV”
e1“Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased leaf starch content by 15.13%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased starch content by 15.13% in leaves”
e1“Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased seed starch, fructose and glucose contents during late seed filling.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- late seed filling stagese0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- contents of starch, fructose, and glucosee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress induced sucrose accumulation in seeds during late seed filling.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- sucrose accumulatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced sucrose accumulation”
e1“Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress decreased the hexose-to-sucrose ratio in seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse1
- Outcome
- hexose-to-sucrose ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio”
e1“Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought in early seed development, soybean sucrose synthesis and degradation enzyme activities were enhanced.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- early seed developmente1
- Treatment
- under drought stresse1
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymes”
e1“were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought in early seed development, expression of soybean genes related to metabolism was enhanced.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- early seed developmente1
- Treatment
- under drought stresse1
- Outcome
- the expression levels of genes related to metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression levels of genes related to metabolism”
e1“were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought in early seed development, expression of soybean sucrose transporter genes was enhanced.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- early seed developmente1
- Treatment
- under drought stresse1
- Outcome
- the expression levels of sucrose transporter genese0
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression levels of sucrose transporter genes”
e1“were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under prolonged drought stress, the enzyme activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation decreased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- prolonged drought stresse1
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymese0
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- under prolonged drought stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymes”
e1“however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into soybean seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- capacity for unloading sucrose into seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished in the middle and late seed filling stages.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- middle and late seed filling stagese1
- Outcome
- sucrose flow from leaves to seedse0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished”
e1“At the middle and late seed filling stages”
t0“Drought Stress during Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential regulation of sucrose allocation, metabolism and transport across seed development stages may be a mechanism for soybean drought resistance.
- Taxon
- soybean plantsGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- resist drought stresse0
- Qualifier
- The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transporte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress”
e1“The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport”
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