Abstract
Variations in N availability affect growth and development of maize ( Zea mays L.) and may lead to changes in crop physiological conditions at flowering and in kernel set. The objectives of this study were (i) to establish the effect of N availability on crop development, crop radiation interception, radiation use efficiency, and dry matter partitioning; and (ii) to study the relationship between kernel number and crop growth at flowering and between kernel number and crop N accumulation at flowering. Three experiments with a commercial hybrid (DK636) were carried out under field conditions at the INTA Baicarce Experimental Station, Argentina, without water limitations. The treatments consisted of different radiation levels, obtained by shading, combined with different levels of N availability obtained by the addition of N fertilizer or organic matter to inmobilize N. Nitrogen deficiencies delayed both vegetative and reproductive phenological development, slightly reduced leaf emergence rate, and strongly diminished leaf expansion rate and leaf area duration. Nitrogen deficiencies reduced radiation interception as much as radiation use efficiency and their effects on the ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harvest were associated with crop growth rate reductions at flowering. Dry matter partitioning to reproductive sinks at flowering and the ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harvest were reduced by N shortages. Significant relationships between kernel number and N accumulation rate or crop growth rate at flowering were fitted by linear + plateau functions with thresholds above which kernel number and grain yield did not increase.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency delayed vegetative and reproductive phenology.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen deficienciese0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive phenological developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen deficiencies delayed both vegetative and reproductive phenological development”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency slightly reduced leaf emergence rate.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slightly reduced leaf emergence rate”
e1“Nitrogen deficiencies delayed both vegetative and reproductive phenological development, slightly reduced leaf emergence rate”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency strongly reduced leaf expansion rate and leaf area duration.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen deficienciese1
- Outcome
- leaf expansion rate and leaf area duratione0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- stronglye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strongly diminished leaf expansion rate and leaf area duration”
e1“Nitrogen deficiencies delayed both vegetative and reproductive phenological development, slightly reduced leaf emergence rate, and strongly diminished leaf expansion rate and leaf area duration”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency reduced radiation interception and radiation use efficiency.
- Treatment
- Nitrogen deficienciese0
- Outcome
- radiation interception as much as radiation use efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen deficiencies reduced radiation interception as much as radiation use efficiency”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency reduced reproductive sink allocation at flowering and the ear to total dry matter ratio at harvest.
- Treatment
- N shortagese0
- Outcome
- Dry matter partitioning to reproductive sinks at flowering and the ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harveste0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter partitioning to reproductive sinks at flowering and the ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harvest were reduced by N shortages”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency effects on the ear dry matter ratio were associated with reduced crop growth at flowering.
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Outcome
- ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harveste0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their effects on the ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harvest were associated with crop growth rate reductions at flowering”
e1“Nitrogen deficiencies reduced radiation interception as much as radiation use efficiency and their effects on the ear dry matter/total dry matter ratio at harvest were associated with crop growth rate reductions at flowering”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel number was significantly related to nitrogen accumulation rate at flowering in a linear plus plateau fit.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant relationships between kernel number and N accumulation rate or crop growth rate at flowering were fitted by linear + plateau functions”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel number was significantly related to crop growth rate at flowering in a linear plus plateau fit.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant relationships between kernel number and N accumulation rate or crop growth rate at flowering were fitted by linear + plateau functions”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Above fitted thresholds, kernel number and grain yield did not increase.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with thresholds above which kernel number and grain yield did not increase”
t0“maize”
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This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
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