Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a major pest of several crops, e.g., Tomato, cotton, pigeon pea, and chickpea suffered by this insect in various parts of the worldwide. Trichocards as parasitoids regarding the different release levels of Trichogramma chilonis were used to evaluate the effectiveness against tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera as well as five insecticides with new chemistries were used to find out the comparative bio efficacy, which were relatively safer to human and environment, i.e., Capital plus (Beta-Cyfluthrin + Triazophos, 41.7% EC) 500 ml/Acre, Commando (Acephate, 97% DF) 62 g, Border (Profenofos + Lambda – Cyhalothrin, 61.5% EC) 500 ml/Acre, Polytrin C (Cypermethrin + Profenofos, 440 EC) 500 ml/Acre, Profit (Emamectin Benzoate, 1.9% EC & 90% Tech.) 500 ml/Acre. We also compared the insecticides with trichocards. There were 3 treatments, T1 Profit (Emamectin Benzoate, 1.9% EC & 90% Tech.) 500 ml/Acre, T2 (16000) of biological control agent (egg Parasitoid) and T3 (control plot). 16000 eggs of the parasitoid Trichogram chilonis, released per hectare were most effective in controlling tomato fruit borer. Out of the five insecticides tested, Border proved to be the best one, followed by Profit and Capital Plus in reducing the percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borer. In the third experiment, Profit gave best result followed by the Trichograma. chilonis cards with 16000 eggs per hectare. Among the tested insecticides, treatments sprayed with Border gave maximum yield (6179.0 kg/ha), followed by Profit & Polytrin C. Cost benefit ratio shows that highest net return (46.45 BCR) was obtained with Trichograma chilonis cards released plots followed by Profit. Trichocards are suggested for the controlling of Helicoverpa armigera as best substitute for insecticides. The use of trichocards practice have very effective role to protect the soil moreover, this practice may have significant role to protect the soil and save the natural resources from insecticides pollution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Release of 16000 parasitoid eggs per hectare was most effective against tomato fruit borer.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- 16000 eggs of the parasitoid Trichogram chilonis, released per hectaree0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae1pest - Second interactor
- Trichogram chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- controlling tomato fruit borere0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“16000 eggs of the parasitoid Trichogram chilonis, released per hectare were most effective in controlling tomato fruit borer”
e1“tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera”
Claim · model-written summary
Border best reduced tomato fruit-borer infestation among five insecticides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Bordere0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borere0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- Profit and Capital Pluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Border proved to be the best one, followed by Profit and Capital Plus in reducing the percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borer”
e1“tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera”
Claim · model-written summary
Profit ranked second and Capital Plus third for reducing infestation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Profite0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borere0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Comparator
- Capital Pluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Border proved to be the best one, followed by Profit and Capital Plus in reducing the percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borer”
e1“tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera”
Claim · model-written summary
In the third experiment, Profit performed best ahead of parasitoid cards.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Profite0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Second interactor
- Trichograma. chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- best resulte0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- Trichograma. chilonis cards with 16000 eggs per hectaree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the third experiment, Profit gave best result followed by the Trichograma. chilonis cards with 16000 eggs per hectare”
e1“Tomato Fruit Borer, Helicoverpa armigera”
Claim · model-written summary
Border produced maximum tomato yield of 6179.0 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Bordere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6179.0 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- Profit & Polytrin Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments sprayed with Border gave maximum yield (6179.0 kg/ha), followed by Profit & Polytrin C”
t0“Tomato Fruit Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Profit ranked ahead of Polytrin C for tomato yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Profite0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Comparator
- Polytrin Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Profit & Polytrin C”
e1“maximum yield”
t0“Tomato Fruit Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoid-card plots had the highest net return at 46.45 BCR.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Trichograma chilonis cards released plotse0
- Interactor
- Trichograma chilonise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 46.45 BCRe0
- Comparator
- Profite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest net return (46.45 BCR) was obtained with Trichograma chilonis cards released plots followed by Profit”
t0“Tomato Fruit Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest parasitoid cards as an insecticide substitute for controlling Helicoverpa armigera.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- Trichocards are suggested for the controlling of Helicoverpa armigerae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichocards are suggested for the controlling of Helicoverpa armigera as best substitute for insecticides”
t0“Tomato Fruit Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest parasitoid cards may protect soil and natural resources from insecticide pollution.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- protect the soil and save the natural resources from insecticides pollutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this practice may have significant role to protect the soil and save the natural resources from insecticides pollution”
t0“Tomato Fruit Borer”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · Helicoverpa armigera · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.