Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) and abscisic acid (ABA) are important regulators of plant response to cold stress, and they interact in response to cold signals. The primary goal of this study was to determine the roles of exogenous NO and ABA on the synthesis of endogenous NO and ABA in cold‐stored peach fruit. RESULTS Exogenous NO and ABA maintained a relatively high content of NO, increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity, and inhibited the activity of NO synthase (NOS)‐like and the levels of polyamine biosynthesis in peaches during cold storage. Treatments of potassium 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (c‐PTIO), NO, N ‐nitro‐ l ‐Arg‐methyl ester ( L ‐NAME), and sodium tungstate did not influence ABA content. Exogenous ABA increased the content of carotenoids and the activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO), 9‐ cis ‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) of ABA synthesis in peaches during cold storage, and upregulated the gene expression of PpAO1 , PpNCED1 , PpNCED2 , and PpZEP . The production of endogenous NO was differentially inhibited by NO scavengers, ABA inhibitors, and NR inhibitors, but not affected by NOS‐like inhibitors during cold storage. CONCLUSION Exogenous NO and ABA can induce endogenous NO synthesis in cold‐stored peaches by the nitrate reductase pathway, and ABA can mediate endogenous ABA synthesis by the autocatalytic reaction. NO does not regulate ABA synthesis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO and ABA maintained relatively high endogenous NO content in stored peaches.
- Taxon
- peaches
Prunus persicat0 - Treatment
- Exogenous NO and ABAe0
- Outcome
- content of NOe0
- Direction
- maintained a relatively highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous NO and ABA maintained a relatively high content of NO”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO and ABA increased nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NO and ABAe0
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase (NR) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous NO and ABA maintained a relatively high content of NO, increased nitrate reductase (NR) activity”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO and ABA inhibited NOS-like activity.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NO and ABAe1
- Gene
- NO synthase (NOS)‐likee0
- Outcome
- activity of NO synthase (NOS)‐likee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibited the activity of NO synthase (NOS)‐like”
e1“RESULTS Exogenous NO and ABA”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO and ABA inhibited polyamine biosynthesis levels.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NO and ABAe1
- Outcome
- levels of polyamine biosynthesise0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibited the activity of NO synthase (NOS)‐like and the levels of polyamine biosynthesis”
e1“RESULTS Exogenous NO and ABA”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
c-PTIO, NO, L-NAME and sodium tungstate treatments did not influence ABA content.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Treatments of potassium 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (c‐PTIO), NO, N ‐nitro‐ l ‐Arg‐methyl ester ( L ‐NAME), and sodium tungstatee0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of potassium 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (c‐PTIO), NO, N ‐nitro‐ l ‐Arg‐methyl ester ( L ‐NAME), and sodium tungstate did not influence ABA content.”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA increased carotenoid content in stored peaches.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ABAe0
- Outcome
- content of carotenoidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ABA increased the content of carotenoids”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA increased activities of AO, NCED and ZEP in stored peaches.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ABAe0
- Outcome
- activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO), 9‐ cis ‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous ABA increased the content of carotenoids and the activities of aldehyde oxidase (AO), 9‐ cis ‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP)”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ABA upregulated PpAO1, PpNCED1, PpNCED2 and PpZEP expression.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ABAe1
- Outcome
- gene expression of PpAO1 , PpNCED1 , PpNCED2 , and PpZEPe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulated the gene expression of PpAO1 , PpNCED1 , PpNCED2 , and PpZEP”
e1“Exogenous ABA”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
NO scavengers, ABA inhibitors and NR inhibitors differentially inhibited endogenous NO production.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- NO scavengers, ABA inhibitors, and NR inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- production of endogenous NOe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of endogenous NO was differentially inhibited by NO scavengers, ABA inhibitors, and NR inhibitors”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
NOS-like inhibitors did not affect endogenous NO production.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- NOS‐like inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- production of endogenous NOe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of endogenous NO was differentially inhibited by NO scavengers, ABA inhibitors, and NR inhibitors, but not affected by NOS‐like inhibitors”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous NO and ABA induce endogenous NO synthesis through nitrate reductase.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous NO and ABAe0
- Outcome
- endogenous NO synthesise0
- Qualifier
- nitrate reductase pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous NO and ABA can induce endogenous NO synthesis in cold‐stored peaches by the nitrate reductase pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA can mediate endogenous ABA synthesis by an autocatalytic reaction.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- endogenous ABA synthesise0
- Qualifier
- autocatalytic reactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA can mediate endogenous ABA synthesis by the autocatalytic reaction”
t0“stored peaches”
Claim · model-written summary
NO does not regulate ABA synthesis.
- Taxon
- peachesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- NOe0
- Outcome
- ABA synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO does not regulate ABA synthesis.”
t0“stored peaches”
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