Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drought is a major constraint that leads to extensive losses to agricultural yield worldwide. The potential yield is largely determined during inflorescence development. However, to date, most investigations on plant response to drought have focused on vegetative development. This study describes the morphological changes of reproductive development and the comparison of transcriptomes under various drought conditions. RESULTS: The plants grown were studied under two drought conditions: minimum for successful reproduction (45-50% soil water content, moderate drought, MD) and for survival (30-35%, severe drought, SD). MD plants can produce similar number of siliques on the main stem and similar number of seeds per silique comparing with well-water plants. The situation of SD plants was much worse than MD plants. The transcriptomes of inflorescences were further investigated at molecular level using microarrays. Our results showed more than four thousands genes with differential expression under severe drought and less than two thousand changed under moderate drought condition (with 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01). We found a group of genes with increased expression as the drought became more severe, suggesting putative adaptation to the dehydration. Interestingly, we also identified genes with alteration only under the moderate but not the severe drought condition, indicating the existence of distinct sets of genes responsive to different levels of water availability. Further cis-element analyses of the putative regulatory sequences provided more information about the underlying mechanisms for reproductive responses to drought, suggesting possible novel candidate genes that protect those developing flowers under drought stress. CONCLUSIONS: Different pathways may be activated in response to moderate and severe drought in reproductive tissues, potentially helping plant to maximize its yield and balance the resource consumption between vegetative and reproductive development under dehydration stresses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drought plants produced a similar number of siliques on the main stem as well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- moderate droughte3
- Outcome
- siliques on the main steme1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- well-water plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“MD plants can produce similar number of siliques on the main stem”
e2“comparing with well-water plants”
e3“45-50% soil water content, moderate drought, MD”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drought plants produced a similar number of seeds per silique as well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- moderate droughte3
- Outcome
- seeds per siliquee4
- Direction
- similare4
- Comparator
- well-water plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e2“comparing with well-water plants”
e3“45-50% soil water content, moderate drought, MD”
e4“similar number of seeds per silique”
Claim · model-written summary
The situation of severe drought plants was much worse than that of moderate drought plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- severe droughte6
- Outcome
- situatione5
- Direction
- much worsee5
- Comparator
- MD plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e5“The situation of SD plants was much worse than MD plants”
e6“30-35%, severe drought, SD”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought changed more than four thousand genes in inflorescences at 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- severe droughte0
- Outcome
- genes with differential expressione0
- Value
- more than four thousandse0
- Qualifier
- with 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“more than four thousands genes with differential expression under severe drought”
e1“with 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate drought changed fewer than two thousand genes in inflorescences at 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- moderate droughte2
- Outcome
- genes with differential expressione0
- Value
- less than two thousande2
- Qualifier
- with 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“more than four thousands genes with differential expression under severe drought”
e1“with 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01”
e2“less than two thousand changed under moderate drought condition”
Claim · model-written summary
A group of genes increased expression as drought became more severe.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- drought became more severee0
- Outcome
- genes with increased expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- suggesting putative adaptation to the dehydratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“We found a group of genes with increased expression as the drought became more severe, suggesting putative adaptation to the dehydration”
Claim · model-written summary
Some genes changed expression only under moderate drought and not under severe drought.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- the moderate but not the severe drought conditione0
- Outcome
- genes with alteratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“genes with alteration only under the moderate but not the severe drought condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Cis-element analyses suggest possible novel candidate genes that protect developing flowers under drought stress.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- developing flowerse0
- Outcome
- possible novel candidate genese0
- Qualifier
- cis-element analyses of the putative regulatory sequencese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“suggesting possible novel candidate genes that protect those developing flowers under drought stress”
e1“Further cis-element analyses of the putative regulatory sequences”
Claim · model-written summary
Different pathways may be activated in reproductive tissues in response to moderate and severe drought.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive tissuese0
- Outcome
- response to moderate and severe droughte0
- Qualifier
- Different pathways may be activatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“Different pathways may be activated in response to moderate and severe drought in reproductive tissues”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.