Abstract
The U.S. fresh-market tomato industry faces increasing competition from Mexico, which achieves greater productivity and quality due to the use of protected structures. Protected agriculture is limited in humid, subtropical regions of the United States. Although grower interest in high tunnel production has increased in recent years, systematic high tunnel research has not yet been conducted in subtropical Florida. Additionally, although tomato grafting has shown the potential to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses, research of high-tunnel, grafted tomato production in subtropical conditions is lacking. During this 2-year study (Citra, FL), a side-by-side comparison of open field and high tunnel organic tomato production was conducted using a split-split plot design. The most significant benefit of high tunnel production was season extension achieved through the reduction of foliar disease severity, which reduced the area under the disease progress curve by 64% across two seasons. This may be largely attributed to the pronounced reduction in the duration of leaf wetness during the wet months of the growing cycle. Grafting with ‘Multifort’ rootstock reduced the root-knot nematode soil population density by 88% as well as root galling severity, both of which demonstrated the potential for increased levels in the high tunnel production system compared with open field production. The more severe root-knot nematode infestation in high tunnels was likely due to the modification of soil temperatures, which were 2 °C greater during the early part of the season but were reduced after shadecloth application. Compared with the open field, solar radiation was reduced by 23% in the high tunnel before shadecloth application and by 51% after shadecloth application; however, due to the high radiation levels in subtropical Florida, daily light integral levels indicated that light was not limiting for high-quality tomato production. The average wind speed was reduced by 57% in the high tunnel and, together with the reduction in solar radiation, indicated the potential reduction in summer abiotic stress and evapotranspiration within high tunnels. These results revealed that the integrated use of high tunnel and grafting technologies may be important for enhancing fresh-market tomato production in the humid subtropics, especially in organic systems.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels extended the tomato production season.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- high tunnel productione0
- Outcome
- season extensione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most significant benefit of high tunnel production was season extension achieved through the reduction of foliar disease severity”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels reduced foliar disease progress area by 64% across two seasons.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- high tunnel productione1
- Outcome
- area under the disease progress curvee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 64%e0
- Qualifier
- across two seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of foliar disease severity, which reduced the area under the disease progress curve by 64% across two seasons”
e1“The most significant benefit of high tunnel production”
e2“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced leaf wetness during wet months may explain lower foliar disease in tunnels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- foliar disease severitye1
- Qualifier
- reduction in the duration of leaf wetness during the wet months of the growing cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This may be largely attributed to the pronounced reduction in the duration of leaf wetness during the wet months of the growing cycle”
e1“reduction of foliar disease severity”
e2“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting with Multifort reduced root-knot nematode soil population density by 88%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- ‘Multifort’e0
- Treatment
- Grafting with ‘Multifort’ rootstocke0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- root-knot nematode soil population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 88%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Grafting with ‘Multifort’ rootstock reduced the root-knot nematode soil population density by 88%”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting with Multifort reduced root galling severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- ‘Multifort’e0
- Treatment
- Grafting with ‘Multifort’ rootstocke0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- root galling severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting with ‘Multifort’ rootstock reduced the root-knot nematode soil population density by 88% as well as root galling severity”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels had potential for greater root-knot nematode infestation than open fields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- root-knot nematode soil population densitye1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- open field productione0
- Setting
- high tunnel production systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both of which demonstrated the potential for increased levels in the high tunnel production system compared with open field production”
e1“root-knot nematode soil population density”
e2“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnel soil temperatures were 2 °C greater early in the season and declined after shadecloth application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- soil temperaturese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 2 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil temperatures, which were 2 °C greater during the early part of the season but were reduced after shadecloth application”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Shadecloth application reduced high tunnel soil temperatures.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- shadecloth applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil temperaturese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil temperatures, which were 2 °C greater during the early part of the season but were reduced after shadecloth application”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels reduced solar radiation by 23% before shadecloth application relative to open fields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- high tunnele0
- Outcome
- solar radiatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- before shadecloth applicatione0
- Comparator
- open fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the open field, solar radiation was reduced by 23% in the high tunnel before shadecloth application”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels reduced solar radiation by 51% after shadecloth application relative to open fields.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- high tunnele0
- Outcome
- solar radiatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Qualifier
- after shadecloth applicatione0
- Comparator
- open fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the open field, solar radiation was reduced by 23% in the high tunnel before shadecloth application and by 51% after shadecloth application”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Daily light integral indicated light did not limit high-quality tomato production in subtropical Florida.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- light was not limiting for high-quality tomato productione0
- Setting
- subtropical Floridae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to the high radiation levels in subtropical Florida, daily light integral levels indicated that light was not limiting for high-quality tomato production”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels reduced average wind speed by 57%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- high tunnele0
- Outcome
- average wind speede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 57%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average wind speed was reduced by 57% in the high tunnel”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnels may reduce summer abiotic stress and evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- summer abiotic stress and evapotranspiratione0
- Qualifier
- reduction in solar radiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“together with the reduction in solar radiation, indicated the potential reduction in summer abiotic stress and evapotranspiration within high tunnels”
e1“organic tomato production was conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated high tunnels and grafting may enhance fresh-market tomato production in humid subtropics.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- integrated use of high tunnel and grafting technologiese0
- Qualifier
- especially in organic systemse0
- Setting
- humid subtropicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the integrated use of high tunnel and grafting technologies may be important for enhancing fresh-market tomato production in the humid subtropics, especially in organic systems”
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protected cultivation · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.