Abstract
Wheat is one of Ethiopia’s foremost important cereal crops in terms of area coverage and volume produced. However, the production and productivity of wheat is constrained by various biotic and a biotic stresses, among which wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the one. Field experiments were conducted to develop integrated wheat yellow rust management strategy based on optimal frequency of fungicide application and wheat varieties combination at hotspot environments of Meraro and Bekoji, Arsi zone, in 2017 main cropping season. Treatments included two different fungicides, Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl and Propiconazole applied in two frequencies; and four bread wheat cultivars (Kubsa, Danda'a, Lemu and Wane), known for their differential reaction to the disease. Unsprayed controls were also included for comparison purposes. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively. Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively. But yield increments as a result of fungicide applications were relatively lower (29.8% and 65.9% at Bekoji and Meraro, respectively) on the resistant variety Wane. Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days interval starting from the appearance of disease has proved the most effective in terms of reducing the level of stripe rust, and increasing grain and crop biomass yield. The current findings demonstrate the role fungicides and host resistance may play in effectively managing stripe rust of wheat. However, further research is needed to come up with other management options to sustainable and cost effective manage the disease under different agro-ecological settings.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Wane had 13% severity at Bekoji and 11.67% at Meraro.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Wanee0
- Outcome
- Terminal severity levelse0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Setting
- Bekojie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Lemu had 37% severity at Bekoji and 53.3% at Meraro.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Lemue0
- Outcome
- Terminal severity levelse0
- Value
- 37%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Danda’a had 53% severity at Bekoji and 58.33% at Meraro.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Danda’ae0
- Outcome
- Terminal severity levelse0
- Value
- 53%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed Kubsa had 90% severity at Bekoji and 92% at Meraro.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kubsae0
- Outcome
- Terminal severity levelse0
- Value
- 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applied Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl significantly increased grain yield on Lemu plots at both sites.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Lemue0
- Treatment
- Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 95.3%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applied fungicide increased grain yield on Danda’a plots at both sites.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Danda’ae0
- Treatment
- Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 76.4%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applied fungicide increased grain yield on Kubsa plots at both sites.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kubsae0
- Treatment
- Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyle0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 1086.8%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide increased Wane yield less, by 29.8% at Bekoji and 65.9% at Meraro.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Wanee0
- Treatment
- fungicide applicationse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- incrementse0
- Value
- 29.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“But yield increments as a result of fungicide applications were relatively lower (29.8% and 65.9% at Bekoji and Meraro, respectively) on the resistant variety Wane.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice applied Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15-day intervals was most effective for rust reduction and yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days intervale0
- Outcome
- level of stripe ruste0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days interval starting from the appearance of disease has proved the most effective in terms of reducing the level of stripe rust, and increasing grain and crop biomass yield.”
t0“Wheat”
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