Abstract
Abstract Neem oil ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) alone and combined with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (isolate Bb11) was applied to control cotton pests. The efficacy of these treatments was compared with that of synthetic insecticides applied either in a calendar‐based application or in the ‘Lutte Etagée Ciblée’ ( LEC ) strategy, consisting of using first calendar‐based (half‐dose) applications followed by threshold‐based treatments. The experiment was carried out in collaborative research with farmers in three cotton agro‐ecological zones differing in rainfall, pest prevalence, and farming practices. The neem oil and neem oil‐Bb11 treatments required 2 to 6 applications, while conventional and LEC received 6 to 8 applications. The percentage of damaged reproductive organs in plots treated with neem oil and neem oil plus Bb11 was higher than that recorded under the conventional and LEC strategy, with exception of the zone with the highest rainfall; this resulted in yields being 25% and 39% lower, respectively. Yields in the biopesticide plots were 26–42% higher and in the conventional and LEC plots 44–59% higher than those in the control plots that received only water. Overall, the LEC regime scored best, both in yield and profitability. The incidence of natural enemies was highest in the control and in the plots treated with biopesticides. Although the use of entomopathogen Bb11 and neem oil avoids many problems associated with the application of synthetic insecticides, their efficacy needs to be enhanced by improved formulation or by combining them with other pesticides.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil required 2 to 6 applications.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- neem oile0
- Outcome
- 2 to 6 applicationse0
- Value
- 2 to 6 applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The neem oil and neem oil‐Bb11 treatments required 2 to 6 applications, while conventional and LEC received 6 to 8 applications.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil plus Bb11 required 2 to 6 applications.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- neem oil‐Bb11e0
- Outcome
- 2 to 6 applicationse0
- Value
- 2 to 6 applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The neem oil and neem oil‐Bb11 treatments required 2 to 6 applications, while conventional and LEC received 6 to 8 applications.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional and LEC regimes received 6 to 8 applications.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- 6 to 8 applicationse0
- Value
- 6 to 8 applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional and LEC received 6 to 8 applications.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil plots had more damaged reproductive organs than conventional and LEC plots except in the wettest zone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Outcome
- percentage of damaged reproductive organse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- with exception of the zone with the highest rainfalle0
- Comparator
- conventional and LEC strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of damaged reproductive organs in plots treated with neem oil and neem oil plus Bb11 was higher than that recorded under the conventional and LEC strategy, with exception of the zone with the highest rainfall”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil plus Bb11 plots had more damaged reproductive organs than conventional and LEC plots except in the wettest zone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- neem oil plus Bb11e0
- Interactor
- Bb11e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of damaged reproductive organse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- with exception of the zone with the highest rainfalle0
- Comparator
- conventional and LEC strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of damaged reproductive organs in plots treated with neem oil and neem oil plus Bb11 was higher than that recorded under the conventional and LEC strategy, with exception of the zone with the highest rainfall”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil yield was 25% lower than synthetic regimes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- conventional and LEC strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of damaged reproductive organs in plots treated with neem oil and neem oil plus Bb11 was higher than that recorded under the conventional and LEC strategy, with exception of the zone with the highest rainfall; this resulted in yields being 25% and 39% lower, respectively.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil plus Bb11 yield was 39% lower than synthetic regimes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- neem oil plus Bb11e0
- Interactor
- Bb11e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Comparator
- conventional and LEC strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem oil plus Bb11 was higher than that recorded under the conventional and LEC strategy, with exception of the zone with the highest rainfall; this resulted in yields being 25% and 39% lower, respectively.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopesticide plots yielded 26–42% more than water control plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- biopesticide plotse0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 26–42%e0
- Comparator
- control plots that received only watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields in the biopesticide plots were 26–42% higher and in the conventional and LEC plots 44–59% higher than those in the control plots that received only water.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional and LEC plots yielded 44–59% more than water control plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conventional and LEC plotse0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 44–59%e0
- Comparator
- control plots that received only watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields in the biopesticide plots were 26–42% higher and in the conventional and LEC plots 44–59% higher than those in the control plots that received only water.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
LEC performed best on yield and profitability.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- LEC regimee0
- Outcome
- yield and profitabilitye0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the LEC regime scored best, both in yield and profitability.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemies were most frequent in control and biopesticide plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- incidence of natural enemiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The incidence of natural enemies was highest in the control and in the plots treated with biopesticides.”
t0“cotton production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend improving Bb11 and neem oil efficacy through formulation or combinations.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- improved formulation or by combining them with other pesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“their efficacy needs to be enhanced by improved formulation or by combining them with other pesticides.”
t0“cotton production”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.