Abstract
Fallowing is considered an important management practice in maintaining soil productivity. In this study, soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed. Soil physical properties such as bulk density, total porosity, moisture content and temperature were also determined. The soils collected from the fallows were used to grow okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in pot experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had significantly higher organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg at 0-15 cm depth and higher organic matter, N, P and Ca at 15-30 cm depth compared with soils fallowed to spear grass and cropped to cassava. Soil fallowed to Tithonia had significantly higher organic matter, N and K than Chromolaena fallow. The growth and yield parameters like okra height, leaf area, stem circumference and fruit weight of okra were significantly higher in soil under Tithonia fallow than soils under Chromolaena, spear grass and cassava fallow. Relative to soil cropped to cassava, soils fallowed to Tithonia, Chromolaena and spear grass increased fruit weight of okra by 161, 122 and 22%, respectively. Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaena showed significant improvement in soil physical properties compared with soils under cassava and spear grass as indicated by lower bulk density and higher porosity. This can be attributed to the high fertility potentials of the Tithonia and Chromolaena weeds with sound potential for protecting the soil against erosion and leaching, proliferating surface soil with their roots, and attracting fungi, producing high biomass and building soil organic matter to adequate level that will meet nutritional needs of crops as well as improve the nutrient element status of nutrient depleted soils into which organic sources are used as fallow weeds.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had higher organic matter, N and P at 0-15 cm depth than soils fallowed to spear grass or cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifolia
Tithonia diversifoliae0 - Treatment
- soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaenae1
- Outcome
- organic matter, N, Pe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- 0-15 cm depthe1
- Comparator
- spear grass and cropped to cassavae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e1“soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had significantly higher organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg at 0-15 cm depth and higher organic matter, N, P and Ca at 15-30 cm depth compared with soils fallowed to spear grass and cropped to cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had higher K, Ca and Mg at 0-15 cm depth than soils fallowed to spear grass or cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifoliaTithonia diversifoliae0
- Treatment
- soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaenae1
- Outcome
- K, Ca and Mge1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- 0-15 cm depthe1
- Comparator
- spear grass and cropped to cassavae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e1“soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had significantly higher organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg at 0-15 cm depth and higher organic matter, N, P and Ca at 15-30 cm depth compared with soils fallowed to spear grass and cropped to cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had higher organic matter, N and P at 15-30 cm depth than soils fallowed to spear grass or cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifoliaTithonia diversifoliae0
- Treatment
- soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaenae1
- Outcome
- organic matter, N, Pe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- 15-30 cm depthe1
- Comparator
- spear grass and cropped to cassavae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e1“soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had significantly higher organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg at 0-15 cm depth and higher organic matter, N, P and Ca at 15-30 cm depth compared with soils fallowed to spear grass and cropped to cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had higher Ca at 15-30 cm depth than soils fallowed to spear grass or cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifoliaTithonia diversifoliae0
- Treatment
- soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaenae1
- Outcome
- Cae1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- 15-30 cm depthe1
- Comparator
- spear grass and cropped to cassavae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e1“soils fallowed to Tithonia and Chromolaena had significantly higher organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg at 0-15 cm depth and higher organic matter, N, P and Ca at 15-30 cm depth compared with soils fallowed to spear grass and cropped to cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fallowed to Tithonia had higher organic matter, N and K than soil fallowed to Chromolaena.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifoliaTithonia diversifoliae0
- Treatment
- Soil fallowed to Tithoniae2
- Outcome
- organic matter, N and Ke2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- Chromolaena fallowe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e2“Soil fallowed to Tithonia had significantly higher organic matter, N and K than Chromolaena fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra height, leaf area and stem circumference were higher in soil under Tithonia fallow than under Chromolaena, spear grass or cassava fallow.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse3 - Treatment
- Tithonia fallowe3
- Outcome
- okra height, leaf area, stem circumferencee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- Chromolaena, spear grass and cassava fallowe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e3“The growth and yield parameters like okra height, leaf area, stem circumference and fruit weight of okra were significantly higher in soil under Tithonia fallow than soils under Chromolaena, spear grass and cassava fallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fallowed to Tithonia increased okra fruit weight by 161% relative to soil cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse4
- Treatment
- soils fallowed to Tithoniae4
- Outcome
- fruit weight of okrae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 161e4
- Comparator
- soil cropped to cassavae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e4“Relative to soil cropped to cassava, soils fallowed to Tithonia, Chromolaena and spear grass increased fruit weight of okra by 161, 122 and 22%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fallowed to Chromolaena increased okra fruit weight by 122% relative to soil cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse4
- Treatment
- Chromolaenae4
- Outcome
- fruit weight of okrae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 122e4
- Comparator
- soil cropped to cassavae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e4“Relative to soil cropped to cassava, soils fallowed to Tithonia, Chromolaena and spear grass increased fruit weight of okra by 161, 122 and 22%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fallowed to spear grass increased okra fruit weight by 22% relative to soil cropped to cassava.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse4
- Treatment
- spear grasse4
- Outcome
- fruit weight of okrae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 22e4
- Comparator
- soil cropped to cassavae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e4“Relative to soil cropped to cassava, soils fallowed to Tithonia, Chromolaena and spear grass increased fruit weight of okra by 161, 122 and 22%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaena had lower bulk density than soils under cassava and spear grass.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifoliaTithonia diversifoliae0
- Treatment
- Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaenae5
- Outcome
- bulk densitye5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- soils under cassava and spear grasse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e5“Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaena showed significant improvement in soil physical properties compared with soils under cassava and spear grass as indicated by lower bulk density and higher porosity”
Claim · model-written summary
Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaena had higher porosity than soils under cassava and spear grass.
- Taxon
- Tithonia diversifoliaTithonia diversifoliae0
- Treatment
- Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaenae5
- Outcome
- porositye5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- soils under cassava and spear grasse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soils fallowed to mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata), spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) and soil cropped to cassava for 3 years were chemically analyzed”
e5“Soils under Tithonia and Chromolaena showed significant improvement in soil physical properties compared with soils under cassava and spear grass as indicated by lower bulk density and higher porosity”
The same questions in other papers
Tithonia · growth · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Tithonia · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
rotation · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.