Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009) at the experimental station of El Sheikh Zowayed, Desert Research Center to study the effect of biofertilizer application (Azotobacter chrococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum and mixture of them) under three levels of saline irrigation water (2000, 3000 and 4000 µgl-1) on growth and productivity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L). The obtained results showed that, biofertilizer treatments significantly increased microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere (total bacterial counts, azotobacters and azospirilla densities, CO2 evolution and dehydrogenase activity). Also, biofertilizers enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight /plant. On the other hand, nitrogen content in soil and shoots plant at 35, 70 and 120 days from sowing increased by inoculation with biofertilizers during the two seasons. Number of heads /plant, head diameter, number of seeds /head, weight of 100 seed, stand, protein, phosphorus, oil content and oil yield at harvest significantly increased in biofertilizers treatments. Dual inoculation treatment gave the highest values of growth characters, yield and chemical composition of safflower plant as well as microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere. Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1 significantly decreased microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere, growth characters, yield, yield components and chemical contents of plant. Interaction between biofertilizer treatments and salinity had a significant effect on microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere. Also, application of dual or individual biofertilizer with saline irrigation water improved plant growth and yield and yield components of safflower compared with uninoculated plants.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers increased safflower rhizosphere microbial activities.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse0 - Treatment
- biofertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- microbial activities in safflower rhizospheree0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biofertilizer treatments significantly increased microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere (total bacterial counts, azotobacters and azospirilla densities, CO2 evolution and dehydrogenase activity)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers enhanced safflower plant height, branch number, and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight /plante0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biofertilizers enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, fresh and dry weight /plant”
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation increased nitrogen content in soil and safflower shoots at 35, 70, and 120 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- inoculation with biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen content in soil and shoots plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 35, 70 and 120 days from sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrogen content in soil and shoots plant at 35, 70 and 120 days from sowing increased by inoculation with biofertilizers during the two seasons”
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer treatments significantly increased safflower head and seed yield components.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Number of heads /plant, head diameter, number of seeds /heade0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of heads /plant, head diameter, number of seeds /head, weight of 100 seed, stand, protein, phosphorus, oil content and oil yield at harvest significantly increased in biofertilizers treatments”
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer treatments significantly increased safflower seed weight and stand.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weight of 100 seed, stande0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of heads /plant, head diameter, number of seeds /head, weight of 100 seed, stand, protein, phosphorus, oil content and oil yield at harvest significantly increased in biofertilizers treatments”
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer treatments significantly increased safflower protein, phosphorus, and oil content.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein, phosphorus, oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of heads /plant, head diameter, number of seeds /head, weight of 100 seed, stand, protein, phosphorus, oil content and oil yield at harvest significantly increased in biofertilizers treatments”
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer treatments significantly increased safflower oil yield.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers treatmentse0
- Outcome
- oil yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oil yield at harvest significantly increased in biofertilizers treatments”
t0“SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation produced the highest safflower growth, yield, and chemical composition values.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Dual inoculation treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth characters, yield and chemical compositione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation treatment gave the highest values of growth characters, yield and chemical composition of safflower plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation produced the highest microbial activity in the safflower rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Dual inoculation treatmente0
- Outcome
- microbial activities in safflower rhizospheree0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation treatment gave the highest values of growth characters, yield and chemical composition of safflower plant as well as microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity reduced safflower rhizosphere microbial activities.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1e0
- Outcome
- microbial activities in safflower rhizospheree0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1 significantly decreased microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere, growth characters, yield, yield components and chemical contents of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity reduced safflower growth and yield components.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1e0
- Outcome
- growth characters, yield, yield componentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1 significantly decreased microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere, growth characters, yield, yield components and chemical contents of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity reduced safflower chemical contents.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1e0
- Outcome
- chemical contents of plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity in irrigation water from 2000 to 4000 µgl-1 significantly decreased microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere, growth characters, yield, yield components and chemical contents of plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer and salinity interacted significantly in effects on safflower rhizosphere microbial activity.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- biofertilizer treatments and salinitye0
- Outcome
- microbial activities in safflower rhizospheree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interaction between biofertilizer treatments and salinity had a significant effect on microbial activities in safflower rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual or individual biofertilizer application with saline water improved safflower growth and yield components compared with uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- application of dual or individual biofertilizer with saline irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yield and yield components of safflowere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of dual or individual biofertilizer with saline irrigation water improved plant growth and yield and yield components of safflower compared with uninoculated plants”
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