Abstract
Abstract In 1975, free fatty acids (FFA) reached 0.50% in hand‐sampled seeds (achenes) from the Sacramento Valley but never exceeded 0.10% in samples from the San Joaquin Valley. High levels of FFA in safflower seeds from the Sacramento Valley were attributed to seed‐borne fungi, especially Alternaria sp., having a lipolytic action on safflower oil. Greenhouse inoculations on representative safflower cultivars reduced yields and oil content while increasing FFA. In vitro experiments using safflower oil‐potato dextrose agar medium showed that the Alternaria species and four other fungi isolated from safflower had lipolytic activity. The Alternaria sp. produced 3.90% FFA after 20 days of growth on this medium. Separation of the FFA by thin layer chromatography and characterization by gas liquid chromatography indicated that fatty acids are released by all five fungi in proportions similar to those in safflower oil.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Sacramento Valley seeds reached 0.50% FFA.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Outcome
- free fatty acids (FFA)e0
- Value
- 0.50%e0
- Setting
- Sacramento Valleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“free fatty acids (FFA) reached 0.50% in hand‐sampled seeds (achenes) from the Sacramento Valley”
t0“safflower seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
San Joaquin Valley seeds did not exceed 0.10% FFA.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- samplese0
- Direction
- never exceedede0
- Value
- 0.10%e0
- Setting
- San Joaquin Valleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“never exceeded 0.10% in samples from the San Joaquin Valley.”
t0“safflower seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
High seed FFA was attributed to lipolytic seed-borne fungi, especially Alternaria.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria sp.
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- High levels of FFAe0
- Qualifier
- lipolytic actione0
- Setting
- Sacramento Valleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High levels of FFA in safflower seeds from the Sacramento Valley were attributed to seed‐borne fungi, especially Alternaria sp., having a lipolytic action on safflower oil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse fungal inoculation reduced safflower yields and oil content.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Greenhouse inoculationse0
- Outcome
- yields and oil contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse inoculations on representative safflower cultivars reduced yields and oil content while increasing FFA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Greenhouse fungal inoculation increased safflower FFA.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Greenhouse inoculationse0
- Outcome
- FFAe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greenhouse inoculations on representative safflower cultivars reduced yields and oil content while increasing FFA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria and four other fungi showed lipolytic activity on safflower oil medium.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria speciesAlternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- lipolytic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Alternaria species and four other fungi isolated from safflower had lipolytic activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria produced 3.90% FFA after 20 days on the medium.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Interactor
- Alternaria sp.Alternariae0pathogen
- Outcome
- FFAe0
- Value
- 3.90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Alternaria sp. produced 3.90% FFA after 20 days of growth on this medium.”
t0“safflower seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
All five fungi released fatty acids in proportions similar to safflower oil.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Interactor
- all five fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- fatty acids are releasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fatty acids are released by all five fungi in proportions similar to those in safflower oil.”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · quality: oil · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
inoculation · quality: oil · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.