Abstract
Abstract. Regression analyses were performed to determine the storage conditions that exhibited the best outcomes for long-grain, hybrid milled rice yield and quality. This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield (HRY) after storage of rough rice in airtight conditions at moisture contents (MCs) of 12.5%, 16%, 19%, and 21% wet basis and temperatures of 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 27°C, and 40°C at two-week intervals for 12 weeks. The experiment used a popular long-grain hybrid rice cultivar (XL745). Rice lots were procured from fields with and without conventional treatment of the field with fungicide for plant disease management. Field treatment and no field treatment were considered as a block, and a Mann-Whitney test was conducted to determine effect. The response surface method, an extension of second-order polynomial regression, was used to examine optimal treatment conditions. Mold population and milled rice discoloration from a combination of storage conditions were predicted using regression models. The first-order and second-order terms of temperature indicated a nonlinear relationship between temperature and ln(discoloration). The MC was positively associated with ln(discoloration), but the degree of impact may change with temperature because the interaction term was significant. From the model evaluation (R 2 and lack-of-fit test), the discoloration level is expected to be 57% (49% to 66% confidence interval) under conditions of 20% MC, 40°C, and nine weeks of storage for samples procured from fungicide-treated rice fields. This discoloration change is substantial compared to the initial discoloration of 9%. At high temperature (40°C) and MC (21%), discoloration started immediately after two weeks of storage. Anaerobic storage conditions impeded mold growth, especially at high storage temperature (40°C). Low mold populations were observed in rice stored at low MC (16%). According to the regression model, the critical storage temperature that may lead to discoloration is between 27°C and 40°C. Pre-harvest fungicide treatment of rice in the field for disease control significantly improved the HRY but had no significant influence on mold population or discoloration. This study suggests a range of storage conditions to prevent losses in milling yield and quality of rice. In addition, the studied storage conditions mimicked the typical conditions for on-farm, in-bin drying and storage in the U.S. Mid-South, especially for the top layers of rice inside the bin, and therefore provide an important reference for growers and rice processors using in-bin structures to manage the quality of long-grain hybrid rice. Keywords: Discoloration, Head rice yield, Mold population, Regression analysis, Rice quality, Rice storage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Regression predicted 57% discoloration under 20% moisture, 40°C and nine weeks of storage in fungicide-treated fields, substantial compared with an initial 9%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- 20% MC, 40°C, and nine weeks of storagee1
- Outcome
- discoloration levele1
- Value
- 57%e1
- Qualifier
- 49% to 66% confidence intervale1
- Comparator
- initial discoloration of 9%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“the discoloration level is expected to be 57% (49% to 66% confidence interval) under conditions of 20% MC, 40°C, and nine weeks of storage”
e2“This discoloration change is substantial compared to the initial discoloration of 9%”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40°C and 21% moisture, discoloration started immediately after two weeks of storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- high temperature (40°C) and MC (21%)e1
- Outcome
- discoloratione1
- Qualifier
- started immediately after two weeks of storagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“At high temperature (40°C) and MC (21%), discoloration started immediately after two weeks of storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Anaerobic storage impeded mold growth, especially at 40°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Anaerobic storage conditionse1
- Interactor
- molde1other
- Outcome
- mold growthe1
- Direction
- impedede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“Anaerobic storage conditions impeded mold growth, especially at high storage temperature (40°C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low mold populations were observed in rice stored at 16% moisture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low MC (16%)e1
- Interactor
- molde1other
- Outcome
- mold populationse1
- Direction
- Lowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“Low mold populations were observed in rice stored at low MC (16%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical storage temperature for discoloration is between 27°C and 40°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- critical storage temperature that may lead to discoloratione1
- Value
- 27°C and 40°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“the critical storage temperature that may lead to discoloration is between 27°C and 40°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature and ln(discoloration) had a nonlinear relationship.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- temperaturee1
- Outcome
- ln(discoloration)e1
- Qualifier
- nonlinear relationshipe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“The first-order and second-order terms of temperature indicated a nonlinear relationship between temperature and ln(discoloration)”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture content was positively associated with ln(discoloration).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MCe1
- Outcome
- ln(discoloration)e1
- Direction
- positively associatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“The MC was positively associated with ln(discoloration), but the degree of impact may change with temperature because the interaction term was significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of moisture content on discoloration may change with temperature (significant interaction).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- temperaturee1
- Outcome
- degree of impacte1
- Qualifier
- may change with temperaturee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study evaluated mold population on rough rice, milled rice discoloration, and head rice yield”
e1“The MC was positively associated with ln(discoloration), but the degree of impact may change with temperature because the interaction term was significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-harvest fungicide treatment significantly improved head rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente1
- Outcome
- HRYe1
- Direction
- significantly improvede1
- Setting
- in the fielde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungicide treatment of rice in the field for disease control significantly improved the HRY but had no significant influence on mold population or discoloration”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-harvest fungicide treatment had no significant influence on mold population or discoloration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente1
- Interactor
- molde1other
- Outcome
- mold population or discoloratione1
- Direction
- no significant influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fungicide treatment of rice in the field for disease control significantly improved the HRY but had no significant influence on mold population or discoloration”
Claim · model-written summary
The study suggests a range of storage conditions to prevent losses in milling yield and quality of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- losses in milling yield and qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This study suggests a range of storage conditions to prevent losses in milling yield and quality of rice”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.