Abstract
Four experiments were carried out using zeolite seed Drying Beads to dry freshly harvested rice seeds to low (genebank) moisture content. The beads were mixed with 120 g of seeds in different ratios (between 0 and 3 beads-to-seed, by weight), sealed inside moisture-proof bags or heat-sealed laminated aluminium foil packets and placed in temperature controlled environments for drying and/or storage. The first experiment confirmed that the beads dry seeds very rapidly. The final moisture content of the seeds depended on the ratio of beads to seeds and, to some extent, on the temperature, with slightly more drying at 30°C compared with 15 or 5°C. When seeds were stored with the beads at either 5 or -20°C, seeds continued to dry. In the first two experiments, insufficient beads (bead-to-seed ratios of 0.97 and 1.06) were used to reach the target moisture content of 6.1%. The lowest moisture content reached was 4.2%, when the quantity of beads was three-times that of seeds. Germination was similar for seeds stored for 371 days at 5°C either with or without the beads after the same initial drying treatment. There was lower germination of seeds dried at low temperature and then stored at -20°C; however, this was attributed to dormancy. Whilst the water uptake isotherms confirmed the high capacity of the beads compared with silica gel, particularly at low relative humidity, the beads do not work to full capacity in a bead-seed system and the adsorption properties appeared to change. Further work is required to optimise the use of these beads for drying seeds to target moisture contents, without either under-drying which could lead to undesirable high rates of viability loss, or unnecessary and perhaps detrimental over-drying.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Beads dried rice seeds rapidly.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- beadse0
- Outcome
- dry seedse0
- Direction
- very rapidlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first experiment confirmed that the beads dry seeds very rapidly.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed moisture depended on bead ratio and temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- ratio of beads to seedse0
- Outcome
- moisture content of the seedse0
- Direction
- more dryinge0
- Comparator
- 15 or 5°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The final moisture content of the seeds depended on the ratio of beads to seeds and, to some extent, on the temperature, with slightly more drying at 30°C compared with 15 or 5°C.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds continued drying with beads during cold storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- stored with the beadse0
- Outcome
- seeds continued to drye0
- Direction
- continued to drye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When seeds were stored with the beads at either 5 or -20°C, seeds continued to dry.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Low bead ratios did not reach target moisture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- target moisture contente0
- Value
- 6.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insufficient beads (bead-to-seed ratios of 0.97 and 1.06) were used to reach the target moisture content of 6.1%.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Threefold bead quantity yielded the lowest seed moisture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- three-times that of seedse0
- Outcome
- lowest moisture contente0
- Value
- 4.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest moisture content reached was 4.2%, when the quantity of beads was three-times that of seeds.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination was similar with or without beads at 5°C after 371 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- with or without the beadse0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- 371 days at 5°Ce0
- Comparator
- without the beadse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination was similar for seeds stored for 371 days at 5°C either with or without the beads after the same initial drying treatment.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature drying followed by frozen storage lowered germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dried at low temperature and then stored at -20°Ce0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was lower germination of seeds dried at low temperature and then stored at -20°C; however, this was attributed to dormancy.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Beads had higher water uptake capacity than silica gel.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- high capacity of the beadse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- silica gele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the water uptake isotherms confirmed the high capacity of the beads compared with silica gel, particularly at low relative humidity”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Beads did not achieve full capacity in the bead seed system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- full capacitye0
- Comparator
- bead-seed systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the beads do not work to full capacity in a bead-seed system and the adsorption properties appeared to change.”
t0“rice seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors call for optimization of target moisture drying.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- drying seeds to target moisture contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further work is required to optimise the use of these beads for drying seeds to target moisture contents”
t0“rice seeds”
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