Abstract
In the current study, we formulated and characterized bio-based oil in water nanoemulsions incorporating monoterpenes; (R)-carvone, cinnamaldehyde, citral, geraniol and pulegone and tested their antimicrobial activity against two plant pathogenic bacteria, Pectobacterium carotovorum sub carotovorum and Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro and in vivo studies. Nanoemulsions (NEs) were prepared by adding dropwise monoterpenes at concentration of 5% in an aqueous solution containing 10% a surfactant (tween 80) with constant stirring and then ultrasonication. NEs were confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Physical stability and viscosity were, also, investigated. NEs monoterpenes had a poly dispersity index ranged from 0.130 to 0.630 and droplet size in the range of 56.64-176.00 nm. Results revealed that NE -cinnamaldehyde had great antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum and R. solanacearum (MIC = 60 and 100 mg/L, respectively). NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg. Higher activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) activities and total phenolic content of tubers and leaves were significantly recorded compared to control at all tested times. This was evident from reduced soft and brown rot diseases symptoms of potato spunta cv treated with elicitors subsequently with tested bacteria. These results showed that the PPO, POD and total soluble phenols play a role in instructing resistance to potato soft and brown mold infections. The observed relationship between formulation and activity can lead to the rational design of nanoemulsion based systems for monoterpenes for applications in antimicrobial and agrochemical industries. Amalgamation of such economical treatments might lessen management costs and minimize the environmental pollution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Monoterpene nanoemulsions had polydispersity indices from 0.130 to 0.630.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Outcome
- poly dispersity indexe0
- Value
- 0.130 to 0.630e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NEs monoterpenes had a poly dispersity index ranged from 0.130 to 0.630”
e1“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Monoterpene nanoemulsion droplet sizes ranged from 56.64 to 176.00 nm.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- droplet sizee0
- Value
- 56.64-176.00 nme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“droplet size in the range of 56.64-176.00 nm.”
e1“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion inhibited P. carotovorum with MIC 60 mg/L.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- P. carotovorum
Pectobacterium carotovorume0pathogen - Outcome
- antibacterial activity against P. carotovorume0
- Value
- 60e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NE -cinnamaldehyde had great antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum and R. solanacearum (MIC = 60 and 100 mg/L, respectively).”
e1“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion inhibited R. solanacearum with MIC 100 mg/L.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum and R. solanacearume0
- Value
- 100 mg/Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NE -cinnamaldehyde had great antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum and R. solanacearum (MIC = 60 and 100 mg/L, respectively).”
e1“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion induced defense responses in potato plants and tubers.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- plant and tuberse0
- Treatment
- NE cinnamaldehydee0
- Outcome
- defense responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated potato tubers and leaves had significantly higher polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Organ / stage
- tubers and leavese0
- Outcome
- activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) activitiese0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) activities and total phenolic content of tubers and leaves were significantly recorded compared to control at all tested times.”
e1“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated potato tubers and leaves had significantly higher total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Organ / stage
- tubers and leavese0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher activities of polyphenoloxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) activities and total phenolic content of tubers and leaves were significantly recorded compared to control at all tested times.”
e1“NE cinnamaldehyde was induced effective defense responses in vivo in potato plant and tubers against two tested bacteria at a rate 1000 and 3000 mg/kg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatment reduced potato soft and brown rot symptoms after bacterial challenge.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- spunta cve0
- Treatment
- elicitorse0
- Outcome
- soft and brown rot diseases symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced soft and brown rot diseases symptoms of potato spunta cv treated with elicitors subsequently with tested bacteria.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute potato resistance to PPO, POD and total soluble phenols.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Gene
- PPOe0
- Outcome
- resistance to potato soft and brown mold infectionse0
- Qualifier
- total soluble phenolse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PPO, POD and total soluble phenols play a role in instructing resistance to potato soft and brown mold infections.”
The same questions in other papers
(E)-cinnamaldehyde · disease · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
resistance inducer · disease · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.