Abstract
Increasing consumer awareness has contributed in establishing food safety issues and environmental concerns through introducing organic and bio-approaches as substitutes for the traditionally chemical fertilization. However, the efficiency of these fertilizers seemed to be relatively low when compared with the traditional mineral fertilizers. This study postulates that algae extracts of Chlorella sp. might stimulate the growth of plants. To examine this assumption, a field study was conducted for two successive seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) using different N-sources e.g. organic (compost), bio (Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillium lipoferum) and mineral (ammonium nitrate) fertilizers with or without algeal extracts of Chlorella sp. to investigate their efficiency for improving the growth parameters and yield components of broccoli plants grown on a sandy loam soil. Results reveal that the highest increases in uptake of NPK were attained for the application of “compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”. Such improvements resulted in concurrent increases in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area; shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, curd weight and diameter, vitamin C, TSS, total phenol and antioxidants content in broccoli heads and the outcome head yield. Moreover, the combination between different N-sources and foliar spray of alga extract resulted in further significant increases in NPK uptake by plants and this in turn improved significantly, the abovementioned growth parameters and yield components. Accordingly, our results support the hypothesis indicating that algae extracts improved significantly the growth parameters and yield components of broccoli plants grown on a sandy loam soil.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Compost plus ammonium nitrate plus biofertilizer gave the highest NPK uptake increases.
- Taxon
- Broccoli Plants
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere0
- Outcome
- uptake of NPKe0
- Direction
- highest increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“the highest increases in uptake of NPK were attained for the application of “compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”.”
Claim · model-written summary
That fertilizer combination increased plant height, leaf number and leaf area.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere1
- Outcome
- plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“Such improvements resulted in concurrent increases in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area; shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, curd weight and diameter, vitamin C, TSS, total phenol and antioxidants content in broccoli heads and the outcome head yield.”
e1“compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
That fertilizer combination increased shoot fresh weight and curd weight and diameter.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere1
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“Such improvements resulted in concurrent increases in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area; shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, curd weight and diameter, vitamin C, TSS, total phenol and antioxidants content in broccoli heads and the outcome head yield.”
e1“compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
That fertilizer combination increased chlorophyll a and b.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“chlorophyll a and b”
e1“concurrent increases”
e2“compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
That fertilizer combination increased vitamin C, TSS and total phenol in heads.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere2
- Outcome
- vitamin C, TSS, total phenole0
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“vitamin C, TSS, total phenol”
e1“concurrent increases”
e2“compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
That fertilizer combination increased antioxidant content in broccoli heads.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere2
- Outcome
- antioxidants content in broccoli headse0
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“antioxidants content in broccoli heads”
e1“concurrent increases”
e2“compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
That fertilizer combination increased broccoli head yield.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizere2
- Outcome
- head yielde0
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“outcome head yield”
e1“concurrent increases”
e2“compost + ammonium nitrate + biofertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen sources and foliar algae extract significantly increased NPK uptake.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- combination between different N-sources and foliar spray of alga extracte0
- Outcome
- NPK uptake by plantse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“the combination between different N-sources and foliar spray of alga extract resulted in further significant increases in NPK uptake by plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen sources and foliar algae extract significantly improved broccoli growth parameters and yield components.
- Taxon
- Broccoli PlantsBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- combination between different N-sources and foliar spray of alga extracte1
- Outcome
- growth parameters and yield componentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Broccoli Plants”
e0“this in turn improved significantly, the abovementioned growth parameters and yield components.”
e1“combination between different N-sources and foliar spray of alga extract”
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See all 22 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.