Abstract
Claypan soils have a high potential for N loss, which can lower corn ( Zea mays L.) yields. Field research was conducted from 2011 to 2013 in Northeast Missouri to determine corn yield, plant population, and grain quality response to N application timings (fall vs. spring) and five N sources/placements at two different N rates (84 and 168 kg·N·ha −1 ) on a poorly drained claypan soil. The five N source/placement systems were no-till (NT)/surface broadcast urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) (Surface UAN) or strip-till (ST)/deep banded UAN (deep UAN), NT/surface broadcast UAN plus Nitamin Nfusion (surface NF) or ST/deep banded UAN plus Nitamin Nfusion (deep NF), and ST/deep banded anhydrous ammonia (AA) (deep AA). The field trial was a split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. Deep UAN with a fall N application produced the highest grain yield (8.12 to 9.12 Mg·ha −1 ) at 84 and 168 kg·N·ha −1 , but it was less effective with a spring application in 2011. Fall deep AA produced the lowest grain yields (5.97 and 6.8 Mg·ha −1 ) in 2013 at 84 and 168 kg·N·ha −1 potentially due to wet soil conditions at the time of application. Warmer and wetter soil conditions during April-May of 2013 resulted in relatively higher grain yields compared to cooler and drier soil conditions in 2011 with all spring-applied N source/placement treatments. Extreme drought in the 2012 growing season resulted in poor corn growth. Farmers may need to consider fall N applications on claypan soils because spring N application might be riskier since corn grain yield was generally greater than or equal to spring-applied treatments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fall deep UAN gave highest grain yield at the two nitrogen rates.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Deep UAN with a fall N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.12 to 9.12 Mg·ha −1e0
- Comparator
- spring applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep UAN with a fall N application produced the highest grain yield (8.12 to 9.12 Mg·ha −1 ) at 84 and 168 kg·N·ha −1 , but it was less effective with a spring application in 2011.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall deep AA gave low grain yield of 5.97 Mg per ha.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fall deep AAe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 5.97e0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall deep AA produced the lowest grain yields (5.97 and 6.8 Mg·ha −1 ) in 2013 at 84 and 168 kg·N·ha −1 potentially due to wet soil conditions at the time of application.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall deep AA gave low grain yield of 6.8 Mg per ha.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fall deep AAe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 6.8e0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall deep AA produced the lowest grain yields (5.97 and 6.8 Mg·ha −1 ) in 2013 at 84 and 168 kg·N·ha −1 potentially due to wet soil conditions at the time of application.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Warmer, wetter spring conditions in 2013 were associated with higher yields than 2011.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- spring-applied N source/placement treatmentse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cooler and drier soil conditions in 2011e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Warmer and wetter soil conditions during April-May of 2013 resulted in relatively higher grain yields compared to cooler and drier soil conditions in 2011 with all spring-applied N source/placement treatments.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.) yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Extreme drought produced poor corn growth in 2012.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Extreme droughte0
- Outcome
- poor corn growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extreme drought in the 2012 growing season resulted in poor corn growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers may consider fall N application on claypan soils.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- fall N applications on claypan soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Farmers may need to consider fall N applications on claypan soils because spring N application might be riskier since corn grain yield was generally greater than or equal to spring-applied treatments.”
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