Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the type of mulch and organic fertilizer that can induce suitable changes in the microclimate and chemical properties of soil for the promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland. A factorial randomized block design experiment with two factors and three replications was constructed. The first factor was mulches consisting of rice straw, coconut husk, silver-black plastic mulch, and without mulch. The second factor was the organic fertilizers composed of either composted cow manure, Gliricidia leaf compost (each applied at 5 t ha-1 ), and no organic fertilizer. Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%. This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1 . In addition, the growth and yield of shallot were positively affected, as assessed by plant height, leaf number, root length, root dry weight, total leaf area, number of bulbs per hill, bulb diameter, weight of fresh bulbs, and bulb yield. The yield of bulbs increased from 4.27 to 10.22 t ha-1 after L1P1 treatment. This study demonstrates the application of straw mulch and 5 t ha-1 cow manure could enhance the yield of shallot cultivation on drylands.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Straw mulch with 5 t/ha cow manure decreased soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C.
- Taxon
- shallot
Allium cepa var. aggregatume0 - Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- soil temperaturee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 36 °C to 30 °Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw mulch with 5 t/ha cow manure increased soil moisture from 7% to 37%.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- soil moisturee1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 7% to 37%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 24.32 meq 100 g -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased soil pH by 6.83.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- pHe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 6.83e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased organic C from 0.74% to 2.72%.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- C organice2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.74 to 2.72%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased the C/N ratio by 13.27%.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- C/N ratioe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 13.27%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased total N by 0.29%.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- total Ne2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 0.29%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- total Pe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- K2Oe2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 39.16 mg 100 g -1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e2“This, in turn, increased the cation exchange capacity by 24.32 meq 100 g -1 , pH by 6.83, C organic from 0.74 to 2.72%, C/N ratio by 13.27%, total N by 0.29%, total P from 20.02 to 28.86 mg 100 g -1 and K2O by 39.16 mg 100 g -1”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment positively affected plant height, leaf number and root length of shallot.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf number, root lengthe3
- Direction
- positively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e3“In addition, the growth and yield of shallot were positively affected, as assessed by plant height, leaf number, root length, root dry weight, total leaf area, number of bulbs per hill, bulb diameter, weight of fresh bulbs, and bulb yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment positively affected root dry weight, total leaf area and number of bulbs per hill of shallot.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- root dry weight, total leaf area, number of bulbs per hille3
- Direction
- positively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e3“In addition, the growth and yield of shallot were positively affected, as assessed by plant height, leaf number, root length, root dry weight, total leaf area, number of bulbs per hill, bulb diameter, weight of fresh bulbs, and bulb yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment positively affected bulb diameter and fresh bulb weight of shallot.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- bulb diameter, weight of fresh bulbse3
- Direction
- positively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e3“In addition, the growth and yield of shallot were positively affected, as assessed by plant height, leaf number, root length, root dry weight, total leaf area, number of bulbs per hill, bulb diameter, weight of fresh bulbs, and bulb yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment increased bulb yield of shallot from 4.27 to 10.22 t/ha.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume0
- Treatment
- straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1)e1
- Outcome
- yield of bulbse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 4.27 to 10.22 t ha-1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promotion of growth and yield of shallot on dryland”
e1“Among all treatments tested, straw mulch with 5 t ha-1 cow manure (L1P1) decreased the soil temperature from 36 °C to 30 °C and increasing the soil moisture from 7% to 37%”
e4“The yield of bulbs increased from 4.27 to 10.22 t ha-1 after L1P1 treatment”
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See all 530 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.