Abstract
The application of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) donors (arginine and sodium nitroprusside) have protective effects on plants in alleviating salinity stress throughout improving the enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment which induced plant antioxidative defense system. This experiment carried out to study the effect of soaking seeds of sunflower plant in different concentrations of arginine or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on growth, some physiological parameters, yield and chemical composition of the yielded seeds of sunflower under salinity stress. Growth parameters (shoot length, stem diameter, no. of leaves, shoot fresh, and dry weights) decreased significantly with salinity stress and such effect ameliorated using the two levels of both arginine and SNP. Photosynthetic pigments significantly increased in the arginine and SNP treated plants under salinity stress or not stressed ones. Phenol and indole acetic acid as well as compatible solutes as total soluble sugar and proline showed highly significant increase with arginine and SNP treatments either in unstressed plants or those under salinity stress conditions. Free amino acids showed significant increase in both unstressed and stressed sunflower plants treated with either arginine or SNP. High level of arginine recorded the highest values of TSS, proline, free AA, phenol, and IAA in both unstressed and salinity stressed plants. Arginine and SNP with salinity levels showed a highly significant increase in various antioxidant enzymes compared to the control plants. Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrations decreased significantly plant content of Na, while K and P highly significantly increased and Ca, Mg, and N non-significantly increased. The yield parameters showed in general highly significant increase in head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, and oil% with arginine or SNP with the superiority of the higher concentration of both treatment materials. Both arginine and SNP increased markedly total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TS with superiority of high concentration of SNP treatment in that domain. Soaking seeds of sunflower plant with arginine and SNP improved yield parameters of sunflower. High level of SNP under salinity stress conditions proved to be the most effective.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly decreased sunflower growth parameters.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Growth parameters (shoot length, stem diameter, no. of leaves, shoot fresh, and dry weights)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth parameters (shoot length, stem diameter, no. of leaves, shoot fresh, and dry weights) decreased significantly with salinity stress”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine ameliorated salinity-related growth reduction.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- argininee0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such effect ameliorated using the two levels of both arginine and SNP”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP ameliorated salinity-related growth reduction.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such effect ameliorated using the two levels of both arginine and SNP”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine significantly increased photosynthetic pigments in stressed and unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- argininee0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stress or not stressed onese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic pigments significantly increased in the arginine and SNP treated plants under salinity stress or not stressed ones”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP significantly increased photosynthetic pigments in stressed and unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic pigments significantly increased in the arginine and SNP treated plants under salinity stress or not stressed ones”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine increased phenol, indole acetic acid, soluble sugar and proline in stressed and unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- argininee0
- Outcome
- Phenol and indole acetic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- either in unstressed plants or those under salinity stress conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenol and indole acetic acid as well as compatible solutes as total soluble sugar and proline showed highly significant increase with arginine and SNP treatments either in unstressed plants or those under salinity stress conditions”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP increased phenol, indole acetic acid, soluble sugar and proline in stressed and unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugar and prolinee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenol and indole acetic acid as well as compatible solutes as total soluble sugar and proline showed highly significant increase with arginine and SNP treatments either in unstressed plants or those under salinity stress conditions”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine significantly increased free amino acids in stressed and unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- argininee0
- Outcome
- Free amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Free amino acids showed significant increase in both unstressed and stressed sunflower plants treated with either arginine or SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP significantly increased free amino acids in stressed and unstressed plants.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- Free amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Free amino acids showed significant increase in both unstressed and stressed sunflower plants treated with either arginine or SNP”
Claim · model-written summary
High arginine gave the highest soluble sugar, proline, free amino acid, phenol and IAA values.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- High level of argininee0
- Outcome
- TSS, proline, free AAe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High level of arginine recorded the highest values of TSS, proline, free AA, phenol, and IAA in both unstressed and salinity stressed plants”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine and SNP under salinity increased antioxidant enzyme activities significantly.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Arginine and SNP with salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- various antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine and SNP with salinity levels showed a highly significant increase in various antioxidant enzymes compared to the control plants”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine or SNP significantly decreased plant sodium content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrationse0
- Outcome
- plant content of Nae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrations decreased significantly plant content of Na”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine or SNP significantly increased plant K and P content.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrationse1
- Outcome
- K and Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K and P highly significantly increased”
e1“Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrations”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine or SNP increased Ca, Mg and N nonsignificantly.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrationse1
- Outcome
- Ca, Mg, and Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca, Mg, and N non-significantly increased”
e1“Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrations”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine or SNP significantly increased head diameter, seed weight, seed yield and oil percentage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- arginine or SNPe0
- Outcome
- head diameter, 100-seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highly significant increase in head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, and oil% with arginine or SNP”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine increased total unsaturated fatty acids and their ratio to total saturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- argininee0
- Outcome
- total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both arginine and SNP increased markedly total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TS”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP increased total unsaturated fatty acids and their ratio to total saturated fatty acids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- SNPe0
- Outcome
- total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both arginine and SNP increased markedly total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TS”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High SNP concentration was superior for unsaturated fatty acid outcomes.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- high concentration of SNP treatmente0
- Outcome
- superioritye0
- Direction
- superioritye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superiority of high concentration of SNP treatment in that domain”
t0“sunflower plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High SNP under salinity was judged the most effective treatment.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- High level of SNP under salinity stress conditionse0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High level of SNP under salinity stress conditions proved to be the most effective”
t0“sunflower plants”
The same questions in other papers
sodium nitroprusside · molecular: metabolites · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sodium nitroprusside · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sodium nitroprusside · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.