Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons in Nubaria , Alexandria Governorate to study the effect of seed inoculation and foliar application with Azospirillum and/or Bacillus on growth, yield and quality of sugar beet fertilized with N (90 kg N/fed) and P (30 kg P2O5/fed.). The experiments included 10 treatments with three replicates arranged in a randomized complete block design. Application of both biofertilizers either alone or in combination led to a significant improvement in most sugar beet traits as compared with control (untreated with biofertilizers). Meantime, the response differed according to the kind of biofertilizers. The highest stimulatory effects were exerted in plants treated with the mixture of Azospirillum and Bacillus than either of them alone. This treatment significantly improved growth parameters (root length, root diameter and root fresh weight), root quality (Total Soluble Solids % and sucrose %), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and increased tops, roots and sugar yields in both seasons. Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus on growth parameters, root nitrogen and potassium %, tops, roots and sugar yield. But Bacillus was more effective on sucrose % and P% only. Seed inoculation along with foliar application was the best method on most traits under study. The interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of application led to significant increases in root diameter in the two seasons, root fresh weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first season, tops yield in the two seasons and root yield in the second season. Therefore, using seed inoculation along with foliar application of the mixture of Azospirillum and Bacillus was the best interaction treatment, which gave the best results and is recommended for beet cultivation in order to minimize soil and water pollution adverse effects. The interaction between both studied factors had a significant effect on all studied characters in the two growing seasons. Generally, since sugar beet showed in previous studies response to addition reaching go to 90 kg N/fed and attains reaching 30 kg P2O5/fed, the use of the two biofertilizers under study might have had complemented the N and P requirements where only 90 kg N/fed and 30 kg P2O5 /fed were added.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers significantly improved most sugar beet traits relative to untreated control.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEET
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Application of both biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- most sugar beet traitse0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Comparator
- control (untreated with biofertilizers)e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“Application of both biofertilizers either alone or in combination led to a significant improvement in most sugar beet traits as compared with control (untreated with biofertilizers).”
Claim · model-written summary
The Azospirillum–Bacillus mixture exerted the highest stimulatory effects.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- mixture of Azospirillum and Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume0symbiont - Outcome
- stimulatory effectse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- either of them alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The highest stimulatory effects were exerted in plants treated with the mixture of Azospirillum and Bacillus than either of them alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture improved root length, diameter and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- root length, root diameter and root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“This treatment significantly improved growth parameters (root length, root diameter and root fresh weight)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture improved root soluble solids and sucrose percentage.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- Total Soluble Solids % and sucrose %e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“This treatment significantly improved growth parameters (root length, root diameter and root fresh weight), root quality (Total Soluble Solids % and sucrose %)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture improved root nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“This treatment significantly improved growth parameters (root length, root diameter and root fresh weight), root quality (Total Soluble Solids % and sucrose %), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture increased tops, roots and sugar yields in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- This treatmente0
- Outcome
- tops, roots and sugar yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“This treatment significantly improved growth parameters (root length, root diameter and root fresh weight), root quality (Total Soluble Solids % and sucrose %), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and increased tops, roots and sugar yields in both seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus for growth parameters.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- Bacilluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus on growth parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus for root nitrogen and potassium percentage.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- root nitrogen and potassium %e0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- Bacilluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus on growth parameters, root nitrogen and potassium %”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus for tops, roots and sugar yield.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- tops, roots and sugar yielde0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- Bacilluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“Azospirillum was more effective than Bacillus on growth parameters, root nitrogen and potassium %, tops, roots and sugar yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus was more effective for sucrose percentage.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- sucrose %e0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“But Bacillus was more effective on sucrose % and P% only.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus was more effective for phosphorus percentage.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Bacilluse0
- Interactor
- Bacilluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- P%e0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“But Bacillus was more effective on sucrose % and P% only.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed inoculation and foliar application was best for most measured traits.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Seed inoculation along with foliar applicatione0
- Outcome
- best method on most traitse0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“Seed inoculation along with foliar application was the best method on most traits under study.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer by application method interactions significantly increased root diameter in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of applicatione0
- Outcome
- root diametere0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of application led to significant increases in root diameter in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactions significantly increased root fresh weight in the first season.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of applicatione0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of application led to significant increases in root diameter in the two seasons, root fresh weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactions significantly increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first season.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of applicatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of application led to significant increases in root diameter in the two seasons, root fresh weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactions significantly increased tops yield in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of applicatione0
- Outcome
- tops yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of application led to significant increases in root diameter in the two seasons, root fresh weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first season, tops yield in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactions significantly increased root yield in the second season.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of applicatione0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The interactions between biofertilizers and their methods of application led to significant increases in root diameter in the two seasons, root fresh weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the first season, tops yield in the two seasons and root yield in the second season.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined seed and foliar application of the Azospirillum–Bacillus mixture for beet cultivation.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- seed inoculation along with foliar application of the mixture of Azospirillum and Bacilluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“using seed inoculation along with foliar application of the mixture of Azospirillum and Bacillus was the best interaction treatment, which gave the best results and is recommended for beet cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of biofertilizer and application method significantly affected all studied characters in both seasons.
- Taxon
- SUGAR BEETBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- interaction between both studied factorse0
- Outcome
- all studied characterse0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SUGAR BEET”
e0“The interaction between both studied factors had a significant effect on all studied characters in the two growing seasons.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.