Abstract
Sphingolipids act as structural components of cellular membranes and as signals in a variety of plant developmental processes and defense responses, including programmed cell death. Recent studies have uncovered an interplay between abiotic or biotic stress and programmed cell death. In a previous study, we characterized an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell-death mutant, accelerated cell death5 (acd5), which accumulates ceramides and exhibits spontaneous cell death late in development. In this work, we report that salt (NaCl) treatment inhibits cell death in the acd5 mutant and prevents the accumulation of sphingolipids. Exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) and the salicylic acid (SA) analog benzothiadiazole demonstrated that the effect of NaCl was partly dependent on the antagonistic interaction between endogenous SA and ABA. However, the use of mutants deficient in the ABA pathway suggested that the intact ABA pathway may not be required for this effect. Furthermore, pretreatment with salt enhanced the resistance response to biotic stress, and this enhanced resistance did not involve the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune response. Taken together, our findings indicate that salt inhibits sphingolipid accumulation and cell death in acd5 mutants partly via a mechanism that depends on SA and ABA antagonistic interaction, and enhances disease resistance independent of pattern-triggered immune responses.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl treatment inhibited cell death in acd5.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- acd5e0
- Treatment
- salt (NaCl) treatmente0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt (NaCl) treatment inhibits cell death in the acd5 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl prevented sphingolipid accumulation in acd5.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- NaClt1
- Outcome
- accumulation of sphingolipidse0
- Direction
- preventse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prevents the accumulation of sphingolipids”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
t1“salt (NaCl) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The NaCl effect was partly dependent on endogenous SA–ABA antagonism.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- effect of NaCle0
- Qualifier
- antagonistic interaction between endogenous SA and ABAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of NaCl was partly dependent on the antagonistic interaction between endogenous SA and ABA”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
An intact ABA pathway may be unnecessary for the NaCl effect.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- this effecte0
- Qualifier
- intact ABA pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intact ABA pathway may not be required for this effect”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment enhanced resistance to biotic stress.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with salte0
- Outcome
- resistance response to biotic stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with salt enhanced the resistance response to biotic stress”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance did not involve pattern-triggered immunity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- enhanced resistancee0
- Qualifier
- pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this enhanced resistance did not involve the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune response”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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