Abstract
Tomato mosaic disease, caused by Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV), is one of the most destructive diseases which results in serious crop losses. Research investigations dealing with the biocontrol activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against this viral disease are limited. In this study, the biocontrol activity of AMF on tomato plants infected with ToMV was evaluated in the greenhouse. In addition, their impacts on the transcriptional expression levels of thirteen genes controlling the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid and chlorogenic acid biosynthetic pathways were also investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. Transcriptional expressions of the majority of the studied genes were up-regulated by mycorrhizal colonization in the presence of ToMV, particularly PAL1 and HQT, suggesting their pathogen-dependent inducing effect. Under greenhouse conditions, a significant reduction in the disease severity and incidence, as well as the viral accumulation level was observed as a response to the mycorrhizal colonization of the infected plants. Moreover, the evaluated growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and flavonoid content were significantly enhanced by AMF colonization. The obtained results demonstrated the protective role of AMF in triggering the plant immunity against ToMV in a pathogen-dependent manner. Beside their protective and growth-promotion activities, AMF are characterized by low-cost and environment-friendly properties which support their possible use for control of tomato mosaic disease.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization upregulated most studied pathway genes, particularly PAL1 and HQT, in ToMV-infected tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Interactor
- ToMVe0pathogen
- Gene
- PAL1 and HQTe0
- Outcome
- Transcriptional expressions of the majority of the studied genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptional expressions of the majority of the studied genes were up-regulated by mycorrhizal colonization in the presence of ToMV, particularly PAL1 and HQT”
t0“Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization significantly reduced disease severity and incidence in infected tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Interactor
- Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV)
Tomato mosaic viruse1pathogen - Outcome
- disease severity and incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction in the disease severity and incidence, as well as the viral accumulation level was observed as a response to the mycorrhizal colonization of the infected plants.”
e1“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV)”
t0“Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization reduced viral accumulation in infected tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Outcome
- viral accumulation levele0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant reduction in the disease severity and incidence, as well as the viral accumulation level was observed as a response to the mycorrhizal colonization of the infected plants.”
t0“Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization significantly enhanced tomato growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF colonizatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameters, photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the evaluated growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and flavonoid content were significantly enhanced by AMF colonization.”
t0“Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization significantly enhanced tomato flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF colonizatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the evaluated growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and flavonoid content were significantly enhanced by AMF colonization.”
t0“Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest AMF for control of tomato mosaic disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- possible use for control of tomato mosaic diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“support their possible use for control of tomato mosaic disease.”
e1“Tomato mosaic disease, caused by Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV)”
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See all 38 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.