Abstract
Twelve Australian grown faba bean genotypes with seed colour ranging from white, different shades of buff/beige, green, red and purple, were extracted using 80% methanol (v/v) or 70% acetone (v/v). The findings showed that commonly consumed buff-coloured genotypes have comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to those with exotic seed coat colour (red, green and purple). In general, the extraction yield for methanol and acetone extracts of faba bean genotypes were similar. However, the acetone extracts of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats exhibited higher antioxidant activities than their methanol extracts counterparts. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of the genotypes were compared in an array of chemical-based assays and profiled using an on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-post column derivatization (HPLC-PCD) system. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of acetone extracts were approximately twice those of methanol extracts. The acetone extracts contained six times higher levels of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) imi- noazanium radical scavenging activity (DPPH), six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than those of methanol extracts. In general, the methanol extracts of white-coloured faba bean genotype exhibited comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to varieties with coloured seed coats. However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats. HPLC-PCD analyses showed substantial antioxidant responses, represented as a dense “hump” of peaks in the HPLC chromatograms of acetone extracts from coloured-genotypes. This “hump” was not detected in the chromatograms of white-genotype acetone extracts, or in chromatograms of methanol extracts regardless of genotype or seed coat colour. All coloured-beans had higher phenolic contents and antioxidant activities than the white-genotype. Hydroxybenzoic acids/flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were dominant in coloured beans. The findings suggest potentials in selecting commonly consumed buff-coloured faba bean genotypes within the breeding programs for enhanced levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities, potentially increasing their health-promoting properties. And, there might also be potentials in developing faba bean extracts for pharmaceutical or natural medicines.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Commonly consumed buff-coloured faba bean genotypes have phenolic contents and antioxidant activities comparable to genotypes with red, green and purple seed coats.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae0 - Material
- buff-coloured genotypese1
- Outcome
- phenolic contents and antioxidant activitiese1
- Comparator
- exotic seed coat colour (red, green and purple)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e1“commonly consumed buff-coloured genotypes have comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to those with exotic seed coat colour (red, green and purple)”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats had higher antioxidant activities than their methanol extracts.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- varieties with coloured seed coatse2
- Treatment
- acetone extractse2
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- methanol extractse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e2“the acetone extracts of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats exhibited higher antioxidant activities than their methanol extracts counterparts”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of acetone extracts were approximately twice those of methanol extracts.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- acetone extractse3
- Outcome
- total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC)e3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- approximately twicee3
- Comparator
- methanol extractse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e3“The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of acetone extracts were approximately twice those of methanol extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts had six times higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than methanol extracts.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- acetone extractse4
- Outcome
- radical scavenging activity (DPPH)e4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- six timese4
- Comparator
- methanol extractse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e4“The acetone extracts contained six times higher levels of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) imi- noazanium radical scavenging activity (DPPH), six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than those of methanol extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts had six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) than methanol extracts.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- acetone extractse4
- Outcome
- Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC)e4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- six timese4
- Comparator
- methanol extractse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e4“The acetone extracts contained six times higher levels of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) imi- noazanium radical scavenging activity (DPPH), six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than those of methanol extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts had two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than methanol extracts.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- acetone extractse4
- Outcome
- Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)e4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- two timese4
- Comparator
- methanol extractse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e4“The acetone extracts contained six times higher levels of di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) imi- noazanium radical scavenging activity (DPPH), six times higher Total Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and two times higher Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) than those of methanol extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extracts of the white-coloured genotype had phenolic contents and antioxidant activities comparable to coloured varieties.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae5
- Material
- white-coloured faba bean genotypee5
- Treatment
- methanol extractse5
- Outcome
- phenolic contents and antioxidant activitiese5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- varieties with coloured seed coatse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e5“the methanol extracts of white-coloured faba bean genotype exhibited comparable phenolic contents and antioxidant activities to varieties with coloured seed coats”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of the white-coloured genotype had TPC 2 - 4 times lower than coloured varieties.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae6
- Material
- white-coloured genotypee6
- Treatment
- acetone extractse6
- Outcome
- TPCe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 2 - 4e6
- Comparator
- faba bean varieties with coloured seed coatse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e6“However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of the white-coloured genotype had TFC 1 - 2 times lower than coloured varieties.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae6
- Material
- white-coloured genotypee6
- Treatment
- acetone extractse6
- Outcome
- TFCe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 1 - 2e6
- Comparator
- faba bean varieties with coloured seed coatse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e6“However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of the white-coloured genotype had DPPH 5 - 9 times lower than coloured varieties.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae6
- Material
- white-coloured genotypee6
- Treatment
- acetone extractse6
- Outcome
- DPPHe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 5 - 9e6
- Comparator
- faba bean varieties with coloured seed coatse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e6“However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of the white-coloured genotype had TEAC 2 - 3 times lower than coloured varieties.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae6
- Material
- white-coloured genotypee6
- Treatment
- acetone extractse6
- Outcome
- TEACe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 2 - 3e6
- Comparator
- faba bean varieties with coloured seed coatse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e6“However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of the white-coloured genotype had FRAP 1 - 2 times lower than coloured varieties.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae6
- Material
- white-coloured genotypee6
- Treatment
- acetone extractse6
- Outcome
- FRAPe6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 1 - 2e6
- Comparator
- faba bean varieties with coloured seed coatse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e6“However, the TPC, TFC, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP of acetone extracts from white-coloured genotype were 2 - 4, 1 - 2, 5 - 9, 2 - 3 and 1 - 2 times lower than those of faba bean varieties with coloured seed coats”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetone extracts of coloured genotypes showed a dense hump of peaks in HPLC chromatograms.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- coloured-genotypese7
- Treatment
- acetone extractse7
- Outcome
- dense “hump” of peaks in the HPLC chromatogramse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e7“HPLC-PCD analyses showed substantial antioxidant responses, represented as a dense “hump” of peaks in the HPLC chromatograms of acetone extracts from coloured-genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The hump of peaks was not detected in white-genotype acetone extracts or in methanol extracts of any genotype.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- “hump”e1
- Qualifier
- not detected in the chromatograms of white-genotype acetone extractse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e1“This “hump” was not detected in the chromatograms of white-genotype acetone extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
All coloured-bean genotypes had higher phenolic contents and antioxidant activities than the white genotype.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- coloured-beanse2
- Outcome
- phenolic contents and antioxidant activitiese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- the white-genotypee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e2“All coloured-beans had higher phenolic contents and antioxidant activities than the white-genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxybenzoic acids/flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were dominant in coloured beans.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Material
- coloured beanse3
- Outcome
- Hydroxybenzoic acids/flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were dominante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e3“Hydroxybenzoic acids/flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols were dominant in coloured beans”
Claim · model-written summary
The findings suggest selecting commonly consumed buff-coloured faba bean genotypes in breeding programs for enhanced phenolic and antioxidant levels.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Outcome
- selecting commonly consumed buff-coloured faba bean genotypes within the breeding programs for enhanced levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activitiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Australian grown faba bean genotypes”
e4“The findings suggest potentials in selecting commonly consumed buff-coloured faba bean genotypes within the breeding programs for enhanced levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.