Abstract
Although UVA radiation (315-400 nm) represents 95% of the UV radiation reaching the earth's surface, surprisingly little is known about its effects on plants [1]. We show that in Arabidopsis, short-term exposure to UVA inhibits the opening of stomata, and this requires a reduction in the cytosolic level of cGMP. This process is independent of UVR8, the UVB receptor. A cGMP-activated phosphodiesterase (AtCN-PDE1) was responsible for the UVA-induced decrease in cGMP in Arabidopsis. AtCN-PDE1-like proteins form a clade within the large HD-domain/PDEase-like protein superfamily, but no eukaryotic members of this subfamily have been functionally characterized. These genes have been lost from the genomes of metazoans but are otherwise conserved as single-copy genes across the tree of life. In longer-term experiments, UVA radiation increased growth and decreased water-use efficiency. These experiments revealed that PDE1 is also a negative regulator of growth. As the PDE1 gene is ancient and not represented in animal lineages, it is likely that at least one element of cGMP signaling in plants has evolved differently to the system present in metazoans.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Short UVA exposure inhibits Arabidopsis stomatal opening.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- short-term exposure to UVAe0
- Outcome
- opening of stomatae0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in Arabidopsis, short-term exposure to UVA inhibits the opening of stomata”
Claim · model-written summary
Short UVA inhibition of stomatal opening requires reduced cytosolic cGMP.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Compound
- cGMPe0
- Outcome
- reduction in the cytosolic level of cGMPe0
- Qualifier
- requirese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this requires a reduction in the cytosolic level of cGMP”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The UVA stomatal process is independent of UVR8.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- UVR8e0
- Outcome
- independent of UVR8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This process is independent of UVR8, the UVB receptor”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
AtCN-PDE1 causes the UVA-associated cGMP decrease in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtCN-PDE1e0
- Compound
- cGMPe0
- Outcome
- UVA-induced decrease in cGMPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A cGMP-activated phosphodiesterase (AtCN-PDE1) was responsible for the UVA-induced decrease in cGMP in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
AtCN-PDE1-like proteins form a clade within the HD-domain/PDEase-like superfamily.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtCN-PDE1-like proteinse0
- Outcome
- form a clade within the large HD-domain/PDEase-like protein superfamilye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AtCN-PDE1-like proteins form a clade within the large HD-domain/PDEase-like protein superfamily”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
These genes are absent from metazoan genomes and otherwise conserved as single-copy genes across life.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- lost from the genomes of metazoans but are otherwise conserved as single-copy genes across the tree of lifee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These genes have been lost from the genomes of metazoans but are otherwise conserved as single-copy genes across the tree of life”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer UVA exposure increased growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- UVA radiatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UVA radiation increased growth”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer UVA exposure decreased water-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- UVA radiatione0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UVA radiation increased growth and decreased water-use efficiency”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PDE1 negatively regulates growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PDE1e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Qualifier
- negative regulatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PDE1 is also a negative regulator of growth”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.