Abstract
With the aim of assessing the effects of beneficial microorganisms on greenhouse tomato “plum” grown under salinity conditions, research was carried out in southern Italy from summer to winter, by comparing two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) based formulates (Rizotech Plus, Myco Apply DR) and a non-inoculated control, in factorial combination with four soil electrical conductivities (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 mS·cm−1 EC). The highest root colonization was 83% at 3.0 mS·cm−1 under AMF-based treatments and 34% at 1.5 mS·cm−1 in non-treated control; the latter attained lower values than AMF treatments at any soil EC. Harvest occurred 3.5 days earlier in control plants, six days earlier under 6.0 mS·cm−1 EC compared to 1.5 mS·cm−1. The inoculated plants always showed higher yield than the control ones and the highest production at 4.5 mS·cm−1 EC; control plants attained the highest yield under 3.0–4.5 mS·cm−1 EC. The highest values of most fruit quality indicators, mineral elements and antioxidant compounds and activity were recorded under AMF-based formulates inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 soil EC. Beneficial microorganisms proved to be an effective environmentally friendly tool for improving tomato yield and quality performances in both normal and soil salinity conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
AMF treatments achieved highest root colonization of 83% at 3.0 mS·cm−1.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- AMF-based treatmentse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Qualifier
- 3.0 mS·cm−1e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest root colonization was 83% at 3.0 mS·cm−1 under AMF-based treatments and 34% at 1.5 mS·cm−1 in non-treated control; the latter attained lower values than AMF treatments at any soil EC.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control root colonization peaked at 34% at 1.5 mS·cm−1 and was lower than AMF treatments at every EC.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonizatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Qualifier
- 1.5 mS·cm−1e0
- Comparator
- AMF treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest root colonization was 83% at 3.0 mS·cm−1 under AMF-based treatments and 34% at 1.5 mS·cm−1 in non-treated control; the latter attained lower values than AMF treatments at any soil EC.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants were harvested 3.5 days earlier.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- Harveste0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 3.5 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest occurred 3.5 days earlier in control plants”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest was six days earlier at 6.0 than at 1.5 mS·cm−1.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 6.0 mS·cm−1 ECe0
- Outcome
- Harveste0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- six dayse0
- Comparator
- 1.5 mS·cm−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest occurred 3.5 days earlier in control plants, six days earlier under 6.0 mS·cm−1 EC compared to 1.5 mS·cm−1.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants always yielded more than controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculated plants always showed higher yield than the control ones and the highest production at 4.5 mS·cm−1 EC”
t0“Tomato”
e1“two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) based formulates”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had highest production at 4.5 mS·cm−1 EC.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 4.5 mS·cm−1 ECe0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- inoculatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculated plants always showed higher yield than the control ones and the highest production at 4.5 mS·cm−1 EC”
t0“Tomato”
e1“two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) based formulates”
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants had highest yield at 3.0–4.5 mS·cm−1 EC.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 3.0–4.5 mS·cm−1 ECe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- control plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control plants attained the highest yield under 3.0–4.5 mS·cm−1 EC.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 EC gave highest fruit quality indicators and mineral elements.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-based formulates inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 soil ECe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit quality indicators, mineral elementse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- moste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of most fruit quality indicators, mineral elements and antioxidant compounds and activity were recorded under AMF-based formulates inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 soil EC.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 EC gave highest antioxidant compounds and activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-based formulates inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 soil ECe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- antioxidant compounds and activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values of most fruit quality indicators, mineral elements and antioxidant compounds and activity were recorded under AMF-based formulates inoculation and 6.0 mS·cm−1 soil EC.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Beneficial microorganisms are concluded to improve tomato yield and quality under normal and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- Beneficial microorganismse0symbiont
- Outcome
- improving tomato yield and quality performancese0
- Qualifier
- both normal and soil salinity conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beneficial microorganisms proved to be an effective environmentally friendly tool for improving tomato yield and quality performances in both normal and soil salinity conditions.”
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