Abstract
The effects of short exposures to low temperature on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 213′), velvetleaf ( Abutilon theophrasti Medic), and spurred anoda [ Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht.] were studied in controlled environment chambers. A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night. After subsequent periods of 7 days at 26/21 C and 8 days at 29/23 C, the two weed species recovered in growth more completely than did cotton. Therefore, the weed/crop ratios for dry weight and leaf area were increased by the imposition of the cold treatment. Mathematical analysis of the growth of the three species indicated that the growth reductions during the cold treatment were caused by decreases in both net assimilation rate and leaf area duration. The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances of individual leaves of cotton and velvetleaf were significantly reduced during the cold treatment but recovered to control levels during a subsequent 4-day exposure to 26/21 C. We conclude that the adverse effects of low temperatures on the growth of cotton, velvetleaf, and spurred anoda are caused mainly by reductions in leaf area production. Because of its slower and less complete recovery, cotton is more severely affected by low temperature than either of the two weeds. Our results help explain the observation that velvetleaf and spurred anoda are more competitive with cotton following abnormally cool periods early in the growing season.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton dry weight fell under chilling.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- 17/13 C day/night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton leaf area fell under chilling.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 17/13 C day/night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton height fell under chilling.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 17/13 C day/night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf dry weight fell under chilling.
- Taxon
- Velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastit0 - Treatment
- 17/13 C day/night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf leaf area fell under chilling.
- Taxon
- VelvetleafAbutilon theophrastit0
- Treatment
- 17/13 C day/night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf height fell under chilling.
- Taxon
- VelvetleafAbutilon theophrastit0
- Treatment
- 17/13 C day/night temperaturese0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/nighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spurred Anoda dry weight fell under chilling.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spurred Anoda leaf area fell under chilling.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spurred Anoda height fell under chilling.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e0“A 3-day exposure to 17/13 C day/night temperatures 24 days after planting significantly reduced dry weight, leaf area and height in all three species when compared to control plants maintained at 26/21 C day/night.”
Claim · model-written summary
The two weed species recovered growth more fully than cotton.
- Taxon
- VelvetleafAbutilon theophrastit0
- Outcome
- recovered in growth more completelye1
- Comparator
- cottone1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e1“the two weed species recovered in growth more completely than did cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold treatment increased weed to crop dry weight and leaf area ratios.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- cold treatmente2
- Interactor
- VelvetleafAbutilon theophrastit0weed
- Second interactor
- Spurred Anodat0weed
- Outcome
- weed/crop ratios for dry weight and leaf areae2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e2“the weed/crop ratios for dry weight and leaf area were increased by the imposition of the cold treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced assimilation and leaf area duration explained chilling growth reductions.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- growth reductionse3
- Qualifier
- decreases in both net assimilation rate and leaf area duratione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e3“the growth reductions during the cold treatment were caused by decreases in both net assimilation rate and leaf area duration.”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton net photosynthetic rates fell during chilling and recovered afterward.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Treatment
- cold treatmente4
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratese4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Comparator
- control levelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e4“The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances of individual leaves of cotton and velvetleaf were significantly reduced during the cold treatment but recovered to control levels during a subsequent 4-day exposure to 26/21 C.”
Claim · model-written summary
cotton stomatal conductances fell during chilling and recovered afterward.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Treatment
- cold treatmente4
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancese4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Comparator
- control levelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e4“The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances of individual leaves of cotton and velvetleaf were significantly reduced during the cold treatment but recovered to control levels during a subsequent 4-day exposure to 26/21 C.”
Claim · model-written summary
velvetleaf net photosynthetic rates fell during chilling and recovered afterward.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie4
- Treatment
- cold treatmente4
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratese4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Comparator
- control levelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e4“The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances of individual leaves of cotton and velvetleaf were significantly reduced during the cold treatment but recovered to control levels during a subsequent 4-day exposure to 26/21 C.”
Claim · model-written summary
velvetleaf stomatal conductances fell during chilling and recovered afterward.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie4
- Treatment
- cold treatmente4
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancese4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Comparator
- control levelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e4“The net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductances of individual leaves of cotton and velvetleaf were significantly reduced during the cold treatment but recovered to control levels during a subsequent 4-day exposure to 26/21 C.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton was more severely affected by cold than either weed.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Outcome
- more severely affected by low temperaturee5
- Comparator
- either of the two weedse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata)”
e5“cotton is more severely affected by low temperature than either of the two weeds.”
The same questions in other papers
cold · physiology: photosynthesis · Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
cold · physiology: photosynthesis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.