Abstract
Low temperature and cold damage seriously hinder the growth, development, and morphogenesis of cotton seedlings. However, the response mechanism of cotton seedlings under cold stress still lacks research. In this study, transcriptome sequencing, gas exchange parameters, and rapid chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were analyzed in leaves of cold-tolerant upland cotton variety “ZM36” under different temperature stress [25°C (T25, CK), 15°C (T15), 10°C (T10), and 4°C (T4)]. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), PSII potential maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and performance index (PIabs) of cotton leaves significantly decreased, and the intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) and Fo/Fm significantly increased under cold stress. The transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that a total of 13,183 DEGs were involved in the response of cotton seedlings at each temperature point (T25, T15, T10, and T4), mainly involving five metabolic pathways—the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, photosynthesis, photosynthesis antenna protein, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and carotenoid synthesis. The 1,119 transcription factors were discovered among all the DEGs. These transcription factors involve 59 families, of which 15.8% of genes in the NAC family are upregulated. Through network regulatory analysis, the five candidate genes GhUVR8 ( GH_A05G3668 ), GhPLATZ ( GH_A09G2161 ), GhFAD4-1 ( GH_A01G0758 ), GhNFYA1 ( GH_A02G1336 ), and GhFAD4-2 ( GH_D01G0766 ) were identified in response to cold stress. Furthermore, suppressing the expression level of GhPLATZ by virus-induced gene silencing led to the reduction of low temperature resistance, implying GhPLATZ as a positive regulator of low temperature tolerance. The findings of the study revealed a piece of the complex response mechanism of the cold-tolerant variety “ZM36” to different cold stresses and excavated key candidate genes for low temperature response, which provided support for accelerating the selection and breeding of cotton varieties with low temperature tolerance.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress significantly lowered net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Material
- ZM36t0
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), PSII potential maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and performance index (PIabs) of cotton leaves significantly decreased”
t0“ZM36”
e1“the intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) and Fo/Fm significantly increased under cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress significantly lowered PSII maximum photochemical efficiency and performance index.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- PSII potential maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and performance index (PIabs)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PSII potential maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and performance index (PIabs) of cotton leaves significantly decreased”
t0“ZM36”
e1“the intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) and Fo/Fm significantly increased under cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress significantly raised intercellular CO2 concentration and Fo/Fm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) and Fo/Fme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) and Fo/Fm significantly increased under cold stress”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Across temperatures, 13,183 differentially expressed genes responded in cotton seedlings.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Outcome
- DEGs were involved in the responsee0
- Value
- 13,183 DEGse0
- Qualifier
- T25, T15, T10, and T4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 13,183 DEGs were involved in the response of cotton seedlings at each temperature point (T25, T15, T10, and T4)”
t0“ZM36”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-responsive genes mainly involved five named metabolic pathways.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Outcome
- five metabolic pathwayse0
- Value
- five metabolic pathwayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mainly involving five metabolic pathways—the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, photosynthesis, photosynthesis antenna protein, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and carotenoid synthesis”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The DEGs included 1,119 transcription factors.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Outcome
- transcription factorse0
- Value
- 1,119 transcription factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1,119 transcription factors were discovered among all the DEGs”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
These transcription factors belonged to 59 families.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Outcome
- transcription factors involve 59 familiese0
- Value
- 59 familiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These transcription factors involve 59 families”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Among NAC genes, 15.8% were upregulated.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Gene
- NACe0
- Outcome
- genes in the NAC familye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
- Value
- 15.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“15.8% of genes in the NAC family are upregulated”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Network analysis identified GhUVR8 as cold responsive.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Gene
- GhUVR8e0
- Outcome
- identified in response to cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five candidate genes GhUVR8 ( GH_A05G3668 ), GhPLATZ ( GH_A09G2161 ), GhFAD4-1 ( GH_A01G0758 ), GhNFYA1 ( GH_A02G1336 ), and GhFAD4-2 ( GH_D01G0766 ) were identified in response to cold stress”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Network analysis identified GhPLATZ as cold responsive.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Gene
- GhPLATZe0
- Outcome
- identified in response to cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five candidate genes GhUVR8 ( GH_A05G3668 ), GhPLATZ ( GH_A09G2161 ), GhFAD4-1 ( GH_A01G0758 ), GhNFYA1 ( GH_A02G1336 ), and GhFAD4-2 ( GH_D01G0766 ) were identified in response to cold stress”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Network analysis identified GhFAD4-1 as cold responsive.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Gene
- GhFAD4-1e0
- Outcome
- identified in response to cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five candidate genes GhUVR8 ( GH_A05G3668 ), GhPLATZ ( GH_A09G2161 ), GhFAD4-1 ( GH_A01G0758 ), GhNFYA1 ( GH_A02G1336 ), and GhFAD4-2 ( GH_D01G0766 ) were identified in response to cold stress”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Network analysis identified GhNFYA1 as cold responsive.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Gene
- GhNFYA1e0
- Outcome
- identified in response to cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five candidate genes GhUVR8 ( GH_A05G3668 ), GhPLATZ ( GH_A09G2161 ), GhFAD4-1 ( GH_A01G0758 ), GhNFYA1 ( GH_A02G1336 ), and GhFAD4-2 ( GH_D01G0766 ) were identified in response to cold stress”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Network analysis identified GhFAD4-2 as cold responsive.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Gene
- GhFAD4-2e0
- Outcome
- identified in response to cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the five candidate genes GhUVR8 ( GH_A05G3668 ), GhPLATZ ( GH_A09G2161 ), GhFAD4-1 ( GH_A01G0758 ), GhNFYA1 ( GH_A02G1336 ), and GhFAD4-2 ( GH_D01G0766 ) were identified in response to cold stress”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing GhPLATZ reduced cold resistance, consistent with a positive regulatory role.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Material
- ZM36t0
- Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Gene
- GhPLATZe0
- Outcome
- low temperature resistancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppressing the expression level of GhPLATZ by virus-induced gene silencing led to the reduction of low temperature resistance”
t0“ZM36”
t1“cotton”
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