Abstract
The formulation of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine) encapsulated within a starch granule can reduce the loss in activity associated with the delayed incorporation of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of trifluralin. Good weed control and high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields were obtained when a starch formulation of trifluralin was applied in the fall and incorporated at planting time the following spring. The cultural practices of shallow incorporation, delayed incorporation, and/or midseason cultivation intensified the weed control provided by a starch formulation of trifluralin. The adsorption of additional trifluralin onto the granule surface, cross-linking starch xanthate with a weak oxidant, and mixing granules with different release rates also increased initial control. Granules produced by the starch-calcium and starch-borate processes exhibited many of the same characteristics of granules produced by the older starch xanthate process, but are much less expensive to produce and do not require the use of the toxic carbon disulfide in the encapsulation process. The combination of an appropriate starch formulation of trifluralin with proper cultural practices provided good weed control from fall and spring applications of trifluralin.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Starch encapsulation reduced activity loss from delayed trifluralin incorporation.
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- loss in activitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- emulsifiable concentrate formulation of trifluraline0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The formulation of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine) encapsulated within a starch granule can reduce the loss in activity associated with the delayed incorporation of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of trifluralin.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall applied starch trifluralin incorporated the next spring gave good weed control.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Wells IIe0
- Treatment
- starch formulation of trifluraline0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- Good weed controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Good weed control and high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields were obtained when a starch formulation of trifluralin was applied in the fall and incorporated at planting time the following spring.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall applied starch trifluralin incorporated the next spring gave high soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Wells IIe0
- Treatment
- starch formulation of trifluraline0
- Outcome
- soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yieldse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Good weed control and high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields were obtained when a starch formulation of trifluralin was applied in the fall and incorporated at planting time the following spring.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shallow incorporation intensified weed control from starch trifluralin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- shallow incorporatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
- Comparator
- starch formulation of trifluraline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural practices of shallow incorporation, delayed incorporation, and/or midseason cultivation intensified the weed control provided by a starch formulation of trifluralin.”
e7“high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed incorporation intensified weed control from starch trifluralin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- delayed incorporatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
- Comparator
- starch formulation of trifluraline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural practices of shallow incorporation, delayed incorporation, and/or midseason cultivation intensified the weed control provided by a starch formulation of trifluralin.”
e7“high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Midseason cultivation intensified weed control from starch trifluralin.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- midseason cultivatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
- Comparator
- starch formulation of trifluraline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultural practices of shallow incorporation, delayed incorporation, and/or midseason cultivation intensified the weed control provided by a starch formulation of trifluralin.”
e7“high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional trifluralin adsorbed to granules increased initial control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- adsorption of additional trifluralin onto the granule surfacee0
- Outcome
- initial controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adsorption of additional trifluralin onto the granule surface, cross-linking starch xanthate with a weak oxidant, and mixing granules with different release rates also increased initial control.”
e7“high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Cross linking starch xanthate increased initial control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- cross-linking starch xanthate with a weak oxidante0
- Outcome
- initial controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adsorption of additional trifluralin onto the granule surface, cross-linking starch xanthate with a weak oxidant, and mixing granules with different release rates also increased initial control.”
e7“high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixing granules of differing release rates increased initial control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Treatment
- mixing granules with different release ratese0
- Outcome
- initial controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adsorption of additional trifluralin onto the granule surface, cross-linking starch xanthate with a weak oxidant, and mixing granules with different release rates also increased initial control.”
e7“high soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wells II’] yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch calcium granules shared many characteristics with starch xanthate granules and cost less.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Granules produced by the starch-calcium and starch-borate processes exhibited many of the same characteristics of granules produced by the older starch xanthate process, but are much less expensive to produce and do not require the use of the toxic carbon disulfide in the encapsulation process.”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch borate granules shared many characteristics with starch xanthate granules and cost less.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Granules produced by the starch-calcium and starch-borate processes exhibited many of the same characteristics of granules produced by the older starch xanthate process, but are much less expensive to produce and do not require the use of the toxic carbon disulfide in the encapsulation process.”
The same questions in other papers
trifluralin · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 24 papers →trifluralin · control · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →trifluralin · weed · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.