Abstract
Core Ideas Foliar zinc (Zn) applied together with any pesticides caused similar increase in whole grain and grain milling fractions Zn concentrations as compared with foliar Zn application alone. Foliar Zn applied simultaneously with pesticides significantly increased estimated Zn bioavailability in whole grain and grain milling fractions; the increases were comparable to foliar Zn application alone. Higher Zn concentration and bioavailability in whole grain with Zn applied at milk stage with or without pesticides indicated efficient absorption of Zn by wheat plants compared with Zn applied at flowering stage. ABSTRACT Foliar ZnSO 4 application has been shown to be effective for increasing Zn concentration in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grain but is time and energy consuming. For promoting adoption of this practice by growers, a field experiment was conducted in two seasons to evaluate the effects of foliar Zn combined with six commonly used pesticides (three insecticides and three fungicides) applied at flowering or milk stage on Zn concentration and bioavailability in wheat grain and its milling fractions. Grains were fractionated into flour and bran for analysis of Zn, phytic acid (PA), and other nutrients (protein, P, K, Fe, and Mn). The results showed that foliar application of Zn together with various pesticides, irrespective of pesticide type, was as effective as foliar Zn application alone in improving Zn concentrations in whole grain and in its milling fractions. Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticides did not increase PA concentration but significantly increased the estimated Zn bioavailability in flour by 79.2%, in bran by 95.4%, and in grain by 94.5%. Zinc foliar application (with or without pesticides) at milk stage resulted in a higher Zn concentration and bioavailability in whole grain than Zn applied at flowering stage. There were no adverse effects of combined foliar application of Zn and pesticides on grain yield and other nutrients. Therefore, foliar Zn application can be safely applied with commonly used fungicides or insecticides (particularly at milk stage) to enrich Zn of the whole grain and particularly the flour and represents a useful practice for overcoming human Zn deficiency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc with pesticides improved whole grain and milling fraction zinc concentration as effectively as foliar zinc alone.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- foliar application of Zn together with various pesticidese0
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations in whole grain and in its milling fractionse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- foliar Zn application alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of Zn together with various pesticides, irrespective of pesticide type, was as effective as foliar Zn application alone in improving Zn concentrations in whole grain and in its milling fractions”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar zinc and pesticides did not increase grain phytic acid concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticidese0
- Outcome
- PA concentratione0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticides did not increase PA concentration”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar zinc and pesticides raised estimated zinc bioavailability in flour by 79.2%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticidese0
- Outcome
- estimated Zn bioavailability in floure0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 79.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticides did not increase PA concentration but significantly increased the estimated Zn bioavailability in flour by 79.2%, in bran by 95.4%, and in grain by 94.5%.”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar zinc and pesticides raised estimated zinc bioavailability in bran by 95.4%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- brane0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticidese0
- Outcome
- Zn bioavailability in floure0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 95.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticides did not increase PA concentration but significantly increased the estimated Zn bioavailability in flour by 79.2%, in bran by 95.4%, and in grain by 94.5%.”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar zinc and pesticides raised estimated zinc bioavailability in grain by 94.5%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticidese0
- Outcome
- Zn bioavailability in floure0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 94.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar application of Zn with pesticides did not increase PA concentration but significantly increased the estimated Zn bioavailability in flour by 79.2%, in bran by 95.4%, and in grain by 94.5%.”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc at milk stage produced higher whole grain zinc concentration and bioavailability than application at flowering.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc foliar application (with or without pesticides) at milk stagee0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration and bioavailability in whole graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Zn applied at flowering stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc foliar application (with or without pesticides) at milk stage resulted in a higher Zn concentration and bioavailability in whole grain than Zn applied at flowering stage.”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar zinc and pesticides had no adverse effect on grain yield or other nutrients.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined foliar application of Zn and pesticidese0
- Outcome
- grain yield and other nutrientse0
- Direction
- no adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no adverse effects of combined foliar application of Zn and pesticides on grain yield and other nutrients.”
t0“Wheat Grain”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applying foliar zinc with commonly used pesticides, especially at milk stage, to enrich grain and flour zinc.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- enrich Zn of the whole grain and particularly the floure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Zn application can be safely applied with commonly used fungicides or insecticides (particularly at milk stage) to enrich Zn of the whole grain and particularly the flour”
t0“Wheat Grain”
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See all 877 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.