Abstract
Aphid honeydew can reduce fungicide effectiveness against necrotrophic pathogens of wheat under controlled conditions. In 1988 and 1989, field experiments were carried out at different locations in The Netherlands, to assess the interference of honeydew with fungicide effectiveness under field conditions, and to establish whether honeydew consumption by naturally occurring saprophytes could prevent this effect. Different combinations of chemicals were used to create differences in saprophytic population densities and aphid populations, which were expected to result in differences in the amount of honeydew and other nutrients on the leaves. In two of the experiments, Septoria nodorum was the only necrotrophic pathogen present; in the other two the only necrotroph was S. tritici . On several sampling dates, the effect of the fungicides was significantly enhanced by addition of insecticide, most often when the saprophytes were reduced by maneb/anilazine. This effect of insecticide is ascribed to prevention of interference of honeydew with fungicide activity, and not to a direct effect of insecticide, as insecticide alone had no effect on necrosis. On the basis of the fact that interference of honeydew with fungicide activity was most apparent when saprophytic population densities were reduced, it is concluded that the naturally occurring saprophytes can generally prevent the effect of honeydew. The same interactions are likely to occur between other nutrients and fungicides, and it is therefore argued that the naturally occurring saprophytes should be protected by elimination of harmful chemicals.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide addition significantly enhanced fungicide effects on several dates, most often after saprophytes were reduced.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- addition of insecticidee0
- Outcome
- effect of the fungicidese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- most often when the saprophytes were reduced by maneb/anilazinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On several sampling dates, the effect of the fungicides was significantly enhanced by addition of insecticide, most often when the saprophytes were reduced by maneb/anilazine”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide alone had no effect on necrosis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- insecticide alonee0
- Outcome
- necrosise0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insecticide alone had no effect on necrosis”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Naturally occurring saprophytes generally prevented honeydew interference with fungicide activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- saprophytese0other
- Outcome
- effect of honeydewe0
- Qualifier
- naturally occurring saprophytese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the naturally occurring saprophytes can generally prevent the effect of honeydew”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors argued for protecting naturally occurring saprophytes by eliminating harmful chemicals.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- saprophytese0other
- Outcome
- saprophytes should be protected by elimination of harmful chemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the naturally occurring saprophytes should be protected by elimination of harmful chemicals”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →insecticide · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.