Abstract
The efficiency of magnetopriming was evaluated for mitigation of the detrimental effects of salt stress on maize germination, growth, photosynthesis, and yield of maize plants. Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress. The seedling characteristics of maize were negatively influenced by salt stress. However, SMF-pretreated maize seeds showed relatively higher germination percentage and germination stress tolerance index as compared to untreated seeds in saline and nonsaline conditions. The detrimental effect of NaCl induced salt stress was also observed on growth, yield, and different physiological characteristic of maize plants. The results showed that SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced seedling vigor, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) as compared to untreated seeds. Photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), the performance index (PI) were high in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds as compared to untreated seeds. This stimulatory effect of SMF treatment of seeds was also revealed in the rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which results in improved yield of maize plants under saline conditions. The leaves from plants of SMF-treated seeds showed decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when compared with untreated seeds in both conditions. SMF ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress in maize plants, by reducing H2O2 and increasing growth, photosynthetic performance, and yield under salt stress. For improvement of salt tolerance, magnetopriming with SMF of 200 mT for 1 h to dry seeds of maize can be efficiently used as a presowing treatment.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress negatively influenced seedling characteristics of maize.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e2“The seedling characteristics of maize were negatively influenced by salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize seeds pretreated with SMF showed higher germination percentage and germination stress tolerance index than untreated seeds in saline and nonsaline conditions.
- Treatment
- 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 he1
- Outcome
- germination percentage and germination stress tolerance indexe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- untreated seedse3
- Setting
- saline and nonsaline conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e3“SMF-pretreated maize seeds showed relatively higher germination percentage and germination stress tolerance index as compared to untreated seeds in saline and nonsaline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-induced salt stress had a detrimental effect on growth, yield and physiological characteristics of maize plants.
- Treatment
- NaCl induced salt stresse4
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and different physiological characteristice4
- Direction
- detrimental effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e4“The detrimental effect of NaCl induced salt stress was also observed on growth, yield, and different physiological characteristic of maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced seedling vigor of maize compared with untreated seeds at different NaCl concentrations.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse5
- Outcome
- seedling vigore5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM)e5
- Comparator
- untreated seedse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e5“The results showed that SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced seedling vigor, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced plant height and leaf area of maize compared with untreated seeds at different NaCl concentrations.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse5
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf areae5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM)e5
- Comparator
- untreated seedse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e5“The results showed that SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced seedling vigor, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced biomass accumulation of maize compared with untreated seeds at different NaCl concentrations.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse5
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM)e5
- Comparator
- untreated seedse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e5“The results showed that SMF-pretreated seeds enhanced seedling vigor, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation at different concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic pigments were high in leaves of maize plants from SMF-pretreated seeds compared with untreated seeds.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse6
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic pigmentse6
- Direction
- highe6
- Comparator
- untreated seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e6“Photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), the performance index (PI) were high in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was high in leaves of maize plants from SMF-pretreated seeds compared with untreated seeds.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse6
- Outcome
- quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm)e6
- Direction
- highe6
- Comparator
- untreated seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e6“Photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), the performance index (PI) were high in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The performance index (PI) was high in leaves of maize plants from SMF-pretreated seeds compared with untreated seeds.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse6
- Outcome
- the performance index (PI)e6
- Direction
- highe6
- Comparator
- untreated seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e6“Photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), the performance index (PI) were high in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenomenological fluxes (ETo/CSm and RC/CSm) were high in leaves of maize plants from SMF-pretreated seeds compared with untreated seeds.
- Treatment
- SMF-pretreated seedse6
- Outcome
- phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm)e6
- Direction
- highe6
- Comparator
- untreated seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e6“Photosynthetic pigments, quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), phenomenological fluxes such as electron transport per leaf CS (ETo/CSm) and density of reaction centers (RC/CSm), the performance index (PI) were high in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF-pretreated seeds as compared to untreated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The SMF stimulatory effect on seeds was revealed in increased rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of maize.
- Treatment
- SMF treatment of seedse7
- Outcome
- rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductancee7
- Direction
- stimulatory effecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e7“This stimulatory effect of SMF treatment of seeds was also revealed in the rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which results in improved yield of maize plants under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
SMF treatment of seeds improved yield of maize plants under saline conditions.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e7“This stimulatory effect of SMF treatment of seeds was also revealed in the rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, which results in improved yield of maize plants under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of plants from SMF-treated seeds had decreased H2O2 compared with untreated seeds in both conditions.
- Treatment
- SMF-treated seedse2
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- untreated seedse2
- Setting
- in both conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e2“The leaves from plants of SMF-treated seeds showed decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) when compared with untreated seeds in both conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
SMF ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress in maize by reducing H2O2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Maize seeds were pretreated with 200 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) for 1 h to assess the impact of SMF on the germination, seedling vigor, growth of plant, photosynthetic performance, ROS content, and yield under salt stress”
e3“SMF ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress in maize plants, by reducing H2O2 and increasing growth, photosynthetic performance, and yield under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnetopriming with SMF of 200 mT for 1 h of dry maize seeds can be efficiently used as a presowing treatment for improving salt tolerance.
- Treatment
- magnetopriming with SMF of 200 mT for 1 h to dry seedse4
- Outcome
- can be efficiently used as a presowing treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For improvement of salt tolerance, magnetopriming with SMF of 200 mT for 1 h to dry seeds of maize can be efficiently used as a presowing treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.