Abstract
The effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and inorganic nutrients (K and P) on some physiological parameters and kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1 were investigated in two parallel experiments conducted in the same growth season in a saline field. Sodium chloride equivalent to 100 mM was added to the irrigation water and saline water applied to the field using a drip irrigation system. Indoleacetic acid was applied as foliar spray. Potassium and P were applied to the soil at the sowing time as monopotassium phosphate at 200 kg ha -1 . Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage. However, application of K and P or foliar spray of IAA mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on maize plants. The most promising effect of IAA or K and P on alleviation of salt stress on maize was found when they were applied in combination. Leaf sodium (Na + ) concentration increased substantially, but leaf K + , Ca 2+ and P concentrations decreased markedly in the salt stressed maize plants. However, exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants. The exogenously applied inorganic nutrient- or auxin-induced growth promotion in maize plants was found to be associated with increased photosynthetic pigment concentration and leaf Na + /K + ratio, reduced membrane permeability, and altered activities of
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize shoot dry mass.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize cob yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize total kernel yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize weight of 1000 kernels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize chlorophylls “a” and “b”.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced maize relative water content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased maize proline accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased maize activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1).
- Material
- DK 647 F1e0
- Treatment
- Salinitye1
- Outcome
- activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased maize electrolyte leakage.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e1“Salinity significantly reduced shoot dry mass, cob yield, total kernel yield, weight of 1000 kernels, chlorophylls “a” and “b” and relative water content in the maize plants, but increased proline accumulation, activities of the key antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO; 1.10.3.1), and electrolyte leakage.”
Claim · model-written summary
K and P mitigated adverse salt stress effects on maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e2“application of K and P or foliar spray of IAA mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA mitigated adverse salt stress effects on maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e2“application of K and P or foliar spray of IAA mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined IAA and K and P gave the most promising salt stress alleviation in maize.
- Treatment
- IAA or K and Pe3
- Outcome
- alleviation of salt stresse3
- Direction
- most promisinge3
- Qualifier
- applied in combinatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e3“The most promising effect of IAA or K and P on alleviation of salt stress on maize was found when they were applied in combination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased maize Leaf sodium (Na + ) concentration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e4“Leaf sodium (Na + ) concentration increased substantially, but leaf K + , Ca 2+ and P concentrations decreased markedly in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased maize leaf K + , Ca 2+ and P concentrations.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e4“Leaf sodium (Na + ) concentration increased substantially, but leaf K + , Ca 2+ and P concentrations decreased markedly in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nutrients reduced maize Na + concentration under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e5“exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous nutrients improved maize K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e5“exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA reduced maize Na + concentration under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e5“exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA improved maize K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e5“exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous their combination reduced maize Na + concentration under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e5“exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous their combination improved maize K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels under salt stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kernel yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar DK 647 F1”
e5“exogenous application of nutrients, IAA, or their combination considerably reduced Na + concentration and significantly improved K + , Ca 2+ , and P levels in the salt stressed maize plants.”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →indole-3-acetic acid · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →salinity · physiology: osmolytes · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →salinity · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →salinity · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
60 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
66 papers more in this group
See all 70 papers →salinity · physiology: water · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.