Abstract
ABSTRACT: The efficacy of reduced (411.5 and 617.2 a.i. ha-1) and recommended (823.0 g a.i. ha-1) rates of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate on the control of Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus blitoides, Chenopodium album, and Tribulus terrestris in sugar beet field was investigated when they were tank-mixed with and without Adigor (0.5% v/v), Ammonium sulphate (2% v/v), Citogate (0.2% v/v), D-Octil (0.3% v/v), Hydro-Max (0.5% v/v), and Volck (0.5% v/v). When the herbicide was applied alone, there was no significant difference between the rates of 617.2 and 823.0 g a.i. ha-1 for reduction of total weed density and biomass. Significantly, the adjuvants decreased total weed density and biomass. However, there was no significant difference among the performance of adjuvants. The sugar beet root and sucrose yields were increased significantly by increasing herbicide rate as a result of an improvement in weed control. Although herbicide efficacy was influenced in a similar manner by all the adjuvants, the best results were found as follows: root yield was increased up to 9.66% (71.31 Mg ha-1) by applying the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus Adigor compared to weed-free check (64.68 Mg ha-1) whereas sucrose yield was increased up to 26.48% (13.21 t ha-1) by applying the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus HydroMax compared to weed-free check (10.45 t ha-1). From an economic and ecological standpoint, these two adjuvants can be suggested to optimize the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate in weed management.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide rates of 617.2 and 823.0 g a.i. ha-1 did not differ significantly in total weed density reduction.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- 617.2e0
- Outcome
- total weed densitye0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- 823.0 g a.i. ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“there was no significant difference between the rates of 617.2 and 823.0 g a.i. ha-1 for reduction of total weed density and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
The two herbicide rates did not differ significantly in total weed biomass reduction.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 617.2e0
- Outcome
- total weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- 823.0 g a.i. ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“there was no significant difference between the rates of 617.2 and 823.0 g a.i. ha-1 for reduction of total weed density and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvants significantly decreased weed density and biomass.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- total weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“the adjuvants decreased total weed density and biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvants did not differ significantly in efficacy.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- performance of adjuvantse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- adjuvantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“there was no significant difference among the performance of adjuvants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing herbicide rate significantly increased beet root yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing herbicide ratee0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“The sugar beet root and sucrose yields were increased significantly by increasing herbicide rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing herbicide rate significantly increased beet sucrose yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing herbicide ratee0
- Outcome
- sucrose yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“The sugar beet root and sucrose yields were increased significantly by increasing herbicide rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended herbicide rate plus Adigor increased root yield by up to 9.66% relative to weed-free check.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus Adigore0
- Outcome
- root yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9.66%e0
- Qualifier
- 64.68 Mg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“root yield was increased up to 9.66% (71.31 Mg ha-1) by applying the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus Adigor compared to weed-free check (64.68 Mg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended herbicide rate plus HydroMax increased sucrose yield by up to 26.48% relative to weed-free check.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus HydroMaxe0
- Outcome
- sucrose yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.48%e0
- Qualifier
- 10.45 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“sucrose yield was increased up to 26.48% (13.21 t ha-1) by applying the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate plus HydroMax compared to weed-free check (10.45 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Adigor and Hydro-Max with the recommended herbicide rate for weed management.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- optimize the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate in weed managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)”
e0“these two adjuvants can be suggested to optimize the recommended rate of phenmedipham + desmedipham + ethofumesate in weed management”
e1“plus Adigor”
e2“plus HydroMax”
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