Abstract
Weeds are one of the most important biological constraint to cotton production, and resulting in a yield losses of up to 90%. The evolution of hundreds of resistant weed species, the lack of new herbicide chemistries, and the increase in weed management costs are all making weed management more arduous for the growers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of allelopathic crop water extracts (ACWEs) alone and in combination with one third rate of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) for effective weed management in cotton. The treatments investigated were; weedy check, sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + brassica + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, sorghum + brassica WE + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, and S-metolachlor at recommended rate of 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1. Results revealed that pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1 was the best treatment in terms of effective dry biomass reduction (40%) of Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus, and increase in seed cotton yield (12%). The second best treatment was sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i. ha−1 with yield increase of 11% over the weedy control. In comparison, S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 recorded only 4% decrease in weeds dry biomass reduction and 8% increase in seed cotton yield. Hence, it can be predicted that binary combination of sorghum and brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 or binary combination of sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 with one third dose of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) can be used for effective weed management and increase in seed cotton yield. Furthermore, adoption of this technique will also reduce the herbicide application, which is not only beneficial for the ecosystem but, also minimize the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed species.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergent sorghum + brassica water extract at 1.5 L ha−1 was the best treatment, reducing weed dry biomass of Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus by 40% in cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1e0
- Interactor
- Trianthema portulacastrum
Trianthema portulacastrume1weed - Second interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse1weed - Outcome
- dry biomass reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1 was the best treatment in terms of effective dry biomass reduction (40%)”
e1“Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus”
Claim · model-written summary
The same pre-emergent sorghum + brassica water extract treatment increased seed cotton yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1e0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 12%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1”
e1“increase in seed cotton yield (12%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 plus S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i. ha−1 was the second best treatment, increasing yield by 11% over the weedy control.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i. ha−1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“The second best treatment was sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i. ha−1 with yield increase of 11% over the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor at the recommended rate of 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 gave only a 4% change in weed dry biomass reduction.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1e0
- Outcome
- weeds dry biomass reductione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 recorded only 4% decrease in weeds dry biomass reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor at the recommended rate of 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 increased seed cotton yield by 8%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1e0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 recorded only 4% decrease in weeds dry biomass reduction and 8% increase in seed cotton yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that sorghum + brassica WE, or sorghum + sunflower WE with one third dose of S-metolachlor, can be used for effective weed management and higher seed cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- effective weed managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e0“binary combination of sorghum and brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 or binary combination of sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 with one third dose of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) can be used for effective weed management and increase in seed cotton yield”
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.