Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat drift caused the maximum sorghum injury in both years.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate caused the lowest sorghum injury in 2017.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017”
t0“Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Across herbicides, injury was 5% greater at flag leaf than six-leaf application in 2017.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- herbicides were applied at flag leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- injury to grain sorghume0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Comparator
- herbicide applications at the six-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate drift caused more injury at six-leaf than flag leaf stage in 2018.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- six-leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- glyphosate drifte0
- Outcome
- injury from glyphosate drifte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 2018e0
- Comparator
- flag leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage.”
t0“Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat drift caused more injury at flag leaf than six-leaf stage at 14 days in 2018.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- flag leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- Paraquate0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- 14 days after application in 2018e0
- Comparator
- six-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018.”
t0“Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate drift caused more injury at flag leaf than six-leaf stage at 14 days in 2018.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Organ / stage
- flag leaf stagee0
- Treatment
- glufosinate drifte0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- 14 days after application in 2018e0
- Comparator
- six-leaf stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018.”
t0“Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat drift reduced grain sorghum yield by 31% versus the nontreated check in 2017.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- simulated drift of paraquate0
- Outcome
- grain sorghum yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Comparator
- nontreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate drift did not significantly reduce yield against the check in 2017.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- simulated drift of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Direction
- did not resulte0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Comparator
- nontreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017”
t0“Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate drift did not significantly reduce yield against the check in 2017.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- yield reductione0
- Direction
- did not resulte0
- Qualifier
- 2017e0
- Comparator
- nontreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017”
t0“Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat”
The same questions in other papers
glufosinate · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
glyphosate · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
glyphosate · crop injury · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
glufosinate · crop injury · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
paraquat · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
herbicide · crop injury · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.