Abstract
BACKGROUND: Excessive use of chemical fungicides over the years for plant pathogen control has caused unwanted damage to non-target organisms and resistance buildup in the target organisms. These harmful effects have prompted the industry to look for more sustainable and eco-friendly solutions. Rhamnolipid is a naturally occurring surfactant that is biodegradable, relatively innocuous to non-target species and can effectively lyse zoospores, the life form responsible for the spread of Phytophthora. In this study, rhamnolipid based coatings were developed and evaluated for protection of soybeans from P. sojae zoospores. RESULTS: Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid, when coated on the soybeans, affects the germination negatively. However, sodium and calcium complexed rhamnolipids do not interfere with germination. Seeds coated with 15-20 mg of developed formulation were planted in soil pots and then subjected to P. sojae infection by simulating flooding conditions and zoospore inoculation. Statistical analysis showed that sodium rhamnolipid based coating significantly improved the germination in presence of P. sojae from 42% to 73% (P = 0.017) while the germination of stress-free control was 85% (statistically similar to coated seeds, P = 1). CONCLUSION: Neutralized rhamnolipid can protect soybeans from P. sojae without any negative effect on germination. This work illustrates the strategy to use rhamnolipid as effective fungicide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid coating on soybeans reduces germination.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Pure (acidic) rhamnolipide1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- negativelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid, when coated on the soybeans, affects the germination negatively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and calcium complexed rhamnolipids do not interfere with germination of soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- sodium and calcium complexed rhamnolipidse2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- do not interferee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid, when coated on the soybeans, affects the germination negatively”
e2“sodium and calcium complexed rhamnolipids do not interfere with germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium rhamnolipid based coating significantly improved soybean germination in the presence of P. sojae, from 42% to 73%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- sodium rhamnolipid based coatinge3
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- germination in presence of P. sojaee3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Value
- 42% to 73%e3
- Qualifier
- P = 0.017e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid, when coated on the soybeans, affects the germination negatively”
e3“sodium rhamnolipid based coating significantly improved the germination in presence of P. sojae from 42% to 73% (P = 0.017)”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of the stress-free soybean control (85%) is statistically similar to that of rhamnolipid-coated seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- coated seedse4
- Outcome
- germinatione4
- Direction
- statistically similare4
- Value
- 85%e4
- Comparator
- stress-free controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Pure (acidic) rhamnolipid, when coated on the soybeans, affects the germination negatively”
e4“the germination of stress-free control was 85% (statistically similar to coated seeds, P = 1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutralized rhamnolipid can protect soybeans from P. sojae without any negative effect on germination.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- Neutralized rhamnolipide5
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee5pathogen
- Outcome
- protect soybeans from P. sojaee5
- Direction
- can protecte5
- Qualifier
- without any negative effect on germinatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Neutralized rhamnolipid can protect soybeans from P. sojae without any negative effect on germination”
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