Abstract
Drought stress can lower seed quality of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], possibly from stress related changes in seed‐nutrient concentration. Determinate soybean plants were grown under a mobile weather‐shelter near Ames, IA in 1985 and 1986 to determine if the timing of drought stress could influence seed‐Ca concentration and, subsequently, seed germination and quality. A randomized complete‐ block design was used to test the effect of withholding water during flowering (R2), full pod (R4), seed formation (R5), and full seed (R6) on the quality of the harvested seed. Drought stress was quantified by monitoring leaf temperatures. Each drought‐stress period received an equivalent amount of drought stress. Seed from a R5 drought stress had 85% germination compared with 96% germination for the nonstressed seed. This reduction in seed germination coincided with a 343 μg g −1 decrease in seed‐Ca concentration from a Ca level of 1648 μg g −1 in the nonstressed seed. Electrolytic conductivity per seed and seed‐Ca concentration were negatively correlated (r = −0.50). Germination percentage was significantly correlated (r = + 0.57) with seed‐Ca concentration and negatively correlated with P, Fe, and Zn (r = −0.49, −0.44, and −0.43, respectively). Application of 2.0 g L −1 of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 to the germination media of the R5‐stressed seed improved germination to the level obtained by nonstressed seed. The application of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 also improved the germination of R6‐stressed seed, which had a concentration of seed Ca equal to the control. This suggests that seed‐Ca concentration is not solely responsible for the decrease in germination percentage of drought‐stressed seed. Results indicate that drought stress during seed formation can reduce seed‐Ca concentration, but additional work is needed to clarify the role that Ca and other seed nutrients play in the germination of drought‐stressed seed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
R5 drought reduced seed germination to 85% versus 96% for nonstressed seed.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- R5 drought stresse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Qualifier
- 96%e0
- Comparator
- nonstressed seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed from a R5 drought stress had 85% germination compared with 96% germination for the nonstressed seed”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
R5 drought coincided with a 343 μg g −1 decrease in seed calcium.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- R5 drought stresst1
- Outcome
- seed‐Ca concentratione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 343 μg g −1e0
- Qualifier
- 1648 μg g −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This reduction in seed germination coincided with a 343 μg g −1 decrease in seed‐Ca concentration from a Ca level of 1648 μg g −1 in the nonstressed seed”
t0“soybean”
t1“R5 drought stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolytic conductivity and seed calcium were negatively correlated.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- seed‐Ca concentratione0
- Outcome
- Electrolytic conductivity per seede0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- r = −0.50e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electrolytic conductivity per seed and seed‐Ca concentration were negatively correlated (r = −0.50)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination correlated positively with seed calcium.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- seed‐Ca concentratione0
- Outcome
- Germination percentagee0
- Direction
- significantly correlatede0
- Value
- r = + 0.57e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination percentage was significantly correlated (r = + 0.57) with seed‐Ca concentration”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination correlated negatively with P.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Pe0
- Outcome
- Germination percentaget1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- −0.49e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with P, Fe, and Zn (r = −0.49, −0.44, and −0.43, respectively)”
t0“soybean”
t1“Germination percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination correlated negatively with Fe.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Germination percentaget1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- −0.44e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with P, Fe, and Zn (r = −0.49, −0.44, and −0.43, respectively)”
t0“soybean”
t1“Germination percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination correlated negatively with Zn.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- Zne0
- Outcome
- Germination percentaget1
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Value
- −0.43e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with P, Fe, and Zn (r = −0.49, −0.44, and −0.43, respectively)”
t0“soybean”
t1“Germination percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate in germination medium restored R5 seed germination to nonstressed level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 2.0 g L −1 of Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- nonstressed seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 2.0 g L −1 of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 to the germination media of the R5‐stressed seed improved germination to the level obtained by nonstressed seed”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate improved R6-stressed seed germination despite seed calcium equaling control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- seed Ca equal to the controle0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 also improved the germination of R6‐stressed seed, which had a concentration of seed Ca equal to the control”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed calcium alone was judged insufficient to explain drought-related germination reduction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Compound
- seed‐Ca concentratione0
- Outcome
- decrease in germination percentagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed‐Ca concentration is not solely responsible for the decrease in germination percentage of drought‐stressed seed”
t0“soybean”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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See all 211 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.