Abstract
Thirty-day-old tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabaccum, Bureley v) were subjected during one week to increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 M CdCl 2 ). Increasing Cd stress led to a gradual decrease of dry weight (DW) production, water and nitrate contents. More than the half of Cd accumulated per plant was sequestered in the oldest leaf stage (S 1 leaves). Leaves from S 1 were the least affected by Cd stress. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.1.6), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.7.1) were the least reduced in S 1 leaves despite of the high presence of Cd ions. At 100 M Cd, glutamine synthetase activity (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) from S 1 leaves rose to become 2 times more important than control. Western Blot analysis showed that S 1 GS activity induction was correlated to the GS 1 and GS 2 protein accumulation. Young leaves (S 3 leaves) were more affected by Cd stress than old leaves. The GS activity reduction in S 3 leaves was correlated to GS 2 protein decrease detected by western-blot analysis. So, tobacco plant accumulated Cd ions in old leaves (S 1 leaves) to protect younger leaves which are more sensitive to Cd effects. Leaves from S 1 are a target organ to verify an eventual soil contamination per cadmium. This leaves may evolve adaptive process to partially inactivate Cd ions and maintain stable rate of nitrogen metabolism.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium stress gradually decreased tobacco dry weight production.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Bureley ve0
- Treatment
- increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrationse0
- Outcome
- dry weight (DW) productione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty-day-old tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabaccum, Bureley v) were subjected during one week to increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 M CdCl 2 ). Increasing Cd stress led to a gradual decrease of dry weight (DW) production”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium stress gradually decreased water content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrationse0
- Outcome
- watere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty-day-old tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabaccum, Bureley v) were subjected during one week to increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 M CdCl 2 ). Increasing Cd stress led to a gradual decrease of dry weight (DW) production, water and nitrate contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cadmium stress gradually decreased nitrate content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrationse0
- Outcome
- nitrate contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thirty-day-old tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana tabaccum, Bureley v) were subjected during one week to increasing cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 M CdCl 2 ). Increasing Cd stress led to a gradual decrease of dry weight (DW) production, water and nitrate contents”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half the cadmium accumulated per plant was sequestered in oldest leaves.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- oldest leaf stage (S 1 leaves)e0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulated per plante0
- Value
- More than the halfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than the half of Cd accumulated per plant was sequestered in the oldest leaf stage (S 1 leaves)”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
S 1 leaves were least affected by cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 1e0
- Outcome
- least affected by Cd stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves from S 1 were the least affected by Cd stress”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate reductase activity was least reduced in S 1 leaves despite high cadmium.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 1 leavese0
- Treatment
- Cd ionse0
- Gene
- nitrate reductasee0
- Outcome
- activities of nitrate reductasee0
- Direction
- least reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.1.6), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.7.1) were the least reduced in S 1 leaves despite of the high presence of Cd ions”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrite reductase activity was least reduced in S 1 leaves despite high cadmium.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 1 leavese0
- Treatment
- Cd ionse0
- Gene
- nitrite reductasee0
- Outcome
- nitrite reductasee0
- Direction
- least reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.1.6), nitrite reductase (NiR, EC 1.7.7.1) were the least reduced in S 1 leaves despite of the high presence of Cd ions”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 M Cd, S 1 glutamine synthetase activity doubled relative to control.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 1 leavese0
- Treatment
- 100 M Cde0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase activitye0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 2 timese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 100 M Cd, glutamine synthetase activity (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) from S 1 leaves rose to become 2 times more important than control”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
S 1 glutamine synthetase induction correlated with GS 1 and GS 2 protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 1e0
- Gene
- GS 1 and GS 2e0
- Outcome
- GS activity inductione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S 1 GS activity induction was correlated to the GS 1 and GS 2 protein accumulation”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Young S 3 leaves were more affected by cadmium than old leaves.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 3 leavese0
- Outcome
- more affected by Cd stresse0
- Comparator
- old leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Young leaves (S 3 leaves) were more affected by Cd stress than old leaves”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
S 3 glutamine synthetase reduction correlated with GS 2 protein decrease.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 3 leavese0
- Gene
- GS 2e0
- Outcome
- GS activity reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GS activity reduction in S 3 leaves was correlated to GS 2 protein decrease”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret cadmium sequestration in old leaves as protection of younger leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- old leaves (S 1 leaves)e0
- Outcome
- protect younger leavese0
- Qualifier
- accumulated Cd ions in old leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco plant accumulated Cd ions in old leaves (S 1 leaves) to protect younger leaves which are more sensitive to Cd effects”
Claim · model-written summary
S 1 leaves are proposed as indicators of soil cadmium contamination.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- S 1e0
- Outcome
- target organ to verify an eventual soil contamination per cadmiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves from S 1 are a target organ to verify an eventual soil contamination per cadmium”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
S 1 leaves may adapt to partly inactivate cadmium while maintaining nitrogen metabolism.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- maintain stable rate of nitrogen metabolisme0
- Qualifier
- adaptive process to partially inactivate Cd ionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This leaves may evolve adaptive process to partially inactivate Cd ions and maintain stable rate of nitrogen metabolism”
t0“Tobacco Seedlings”
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