Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-biochemical adaptive strategies by exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GlyBet) in two rice varieties against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content) grown in clay pots containing garden soil until booting stage were chosen as the test plant material, sprayed by 0 (control) or 100 mM GlyBet and subsequently subjected to: MWD (mild water deficit by 8 d water withholding; 24.80% SWC; Soil water content) or SWD (severe water deficit by 14 d water withholding; 13.63% SWC) or WW (well-watered conditions or control). Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit and suppressed by exogenous GlyBet, while free proline in cv. SPR1 was lower than cv. RD43. Overall growth performances and yield traits in both cultivars under MWD were maintained by exogenous application of GlyBet; however, these parameters declined under SWD even after the GlyBet application. Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in pretreated GlyBet plants under SWD were prevented, resulting in elevated net photosynthetic rate (Pn). Interestingly, Pn was very sensitive parameter that sharply declined under SWD in both RD43 and SPR1 genotypes. Positive relationships between physio-morphological and biochemical changes in rice genotypes were demonstrated with high correlation co-efficiency. Based on the key results, it is concluded that foliar GlyBet application may play an important role in drought-tolerant enhancement in rice crops.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Free proline in cv. RD43 increased with the degree of water deficit.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- RD43e2
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- Free proline contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e2“Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous glycine betaine suppressed free proline in cv. RD43 relative to the control under water deficit.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Material
- RD43e2
- Treatment
- exogenous GlyBete3
- Outcome
- Free proline contente2
- Direction
- suppressede3
- Comparator
- 0 (control)e4
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e2“Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit”
e3“suppressed by exogenous GlyBet”
e4“sprayed by 0 (control) or 100 mM GlyBet”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall growth and yield traits in both cultivars under mild water deficit were maintained by exogenous glycine betaine.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- exogenous application of GlyBete5
- Outcome
- Overall growth performances and yield traitse5
- Direction
- maintainede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e5“Overall growth performances and yield traits in both cultivars under MWD were maintained by exogenous application of GlyBet”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water deficit, growth and yield parameters declined even after glycine betaine application.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- SWDe6
- Outcome
- these parameterse6
- Direction
- declinede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e6“these parameters declined under SWD even after the GlyBet application”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine prevented degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- GlyBete7
- Outcome
- Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescencee7
- Direction
- preventede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e7“Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in pretreated GlyBet plants under SWD were prevented”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine pretreatment resulted in elevated net photosynthetic rate under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- GlyBete7
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (Pn)e2
- Direction
- elevatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e7“Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in pretreated GlyBet plants under SWD were prevented”
e2“resulting in elevated net photosynthetic rate (Pn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate was a very sensitive parameter that sharply declined under severe water deficit in both RD43 and SPR1.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Material
- RD43 and SPR1e2
- Outcome
- Pne2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Qualifier
- very sensitive parametere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content)”
e2“Pn was very sensitive parameter that sharply declined under SWD in both RD43 and SPR1 genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Physio-morphological and biochemical changes were positively related across rice genotypes, with high correlation.
- Taxon
- rice genotypesOryza sativae2
- Outcome
- physio-morphological and biochemical changese2
- Direction
- Positivee2
- Qualifier
- high correlation co-efficiencye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Positive relationships between physio-morphological and biochemical changes in rice genotypes were demonstrated with high correlation co-efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar glycine betaine application may play an important role in drought-tolerant enhancement in rice crops.
- Taxon
- rice cropsOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- foliar GlyBet applicatione2
- Outcome
- drought-tolerant enhancemente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“foliar GlyBet application may play an important role in drought-tolerant enhancement in rice crops”
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