Abstract
World agriculture is facing a great challenge since it is necessary to find a sustainable way to increase food production. Current trends in advancing the agriculture sector are based on leveraging remote sensing technology and the use of biostimulants. However, the efficient implementation of both of these on a commercial scale for the purposes of productivity improvement remains a challenge. Thus, by proposing a crop monitoring strategy based on remote sensing data, this paper aims to verify and anticipate the impact of applying a Glycinebetaine biostimulant (GB) on the final yield. The study was carried out in a rice-producing area in Eastern Spain (Valencia) in 2021. GB was applied by drone 33 days after sowing (tillering phase). Phenology was monitored and crop production parameters were determined. Regarding satellite data, Sentinel-2 cloud-free images were obtained from sowing to harvest, using the bands at 10 m. Planet data were used to evaluate the results from Sentinel-2. The results show that GB applied 33 days after sowing improves both crop productive parameters and commercial yield (13.06% increase). The design of the proposed monitoring strategy was based on the dynamics and correlations between the visible (green and red) and NIR bands. The analysis showed differences when comparing the GB and control areas, and permitted the determination of the moment in which the effect of GB on yield (tillering and maturity) may be greater. In addition, an index was constructed to verify the crop monitoring strategy, its mathematical expression being: NCMI = (NIR − (red + green))/(NIR + red + green). Compared with the other VIs (NDVI, GNDVI and EVI2), the NCMI presents a greater sensitivity to changes in the green, red and NIR bands, a lower saturation phenomenon than NDVI and a better monitoring of rice phenology and management than GNDVI and EVI2. These results were evaluated with Planet images, obtaining similar results. In conclusion, in this study, we confirm the improvement in rice crop productivity by improving sustainable plant nutrition with the use of biostimulants and by increasing the components that define crop yield (productive tillers, spikelets and grains). Additionally, crop monitoring using remote sensing technology permits the anticipation and understanding of the productive behavior and the evolution of the phenological stages of the crop, in accordance with crop management.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine applied 33 days after sowing increased rice commercial yield by 13.06%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0t0 - Treatment
- GB applied 33 days after sowinge0
- Outcome
- commercial yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 13.06%e0
- Comparator
- control arease1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“GB applied 33 days after sowing improves both crop productive parameters and commercial yield (13.06% increase).”
e1“The analysis showed differences when comparing the GB and control areas”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine improved rice crop productive parameters.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- GB applied 33 days after sowinge0
- Outcome
- crop productive parameterse0
- Direction
- improvese0
- Comparator
- control arease1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“GB applied 33 days after sowing improves both crop productive parameters and commercial yield (13.06% increase).”
e1“The analysis showed differences when comparing the GB and control areas”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed monitoring analysis distinguished glycinebetaine and control rice areas.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Comparator
- GB and control arease0
Not reportedDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“The analysis showed differences when comparing the GB and control areas, and permitted the determination of the moment in which the effect of GB on yield (tillering and maturity) may be greater.”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis identified tillering and maturity as periods when the glycinebetaine yield effect may be greater.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- effect of GB on yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- tillering and maturitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“permitted the determination of the moment in which the effect of GB on yield (tillering and maturity) may be greater.”
Claim · model-written summary
NCMI was more sensitive to changes in green, red and NIR bands than the other vegetation indices.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to changes in the green, red and NIR bandse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other VIs (NDVI, GNDVI and EVI2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“Compared with the other VIs (NDVI, GNDVI and EVI2), the NCMI presents a greater sensitivity to changes in the green, red and NIR bands”
Claim · model-written summary
NCMI showed lower saturation than NDVI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“a lower saturation phenomenon than NDVI”
Claim · model-written summary
NCMI monitored rice phenology and management better than GNDVI and EVI2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- monitoring of rice phenology and managemente0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- GNDVI and EVI2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“a better monitoring of rice phenology and management than GNDVI and EVI2”
Claim · model-written summary
Planet images gave similar evaluation results.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Outcome
- similar resultse0
- Comparator
- Planet imagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“These results were evaluated with Planet images, obtaining similar results.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine increased productive tillers, spikelets and grains in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0t0
- Treatment
- biostimulantse1
- Outcome
- components that define crop yield (productive tillers, spikelets and grains)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Crop Monitoring Strategy Based on Remote Sensing Data (Sentinel-2 and Planet), Study Case in a Rice Field after Applying Glycinebetaine”
e0“by increasing the components that define crop yield (productive tillers, spikelets and grains).”
e1“with the use of biostimulants”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →other · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
160 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
162 papers more in this group
See all 166 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.