Abstract
Heterodera avenae mainly infects cereal crops and causes severe economic losses. Many studies have shown that parasitic nematodes can secrete effector proteins to suppress plant immune responses and then promote parasitism. In this study, we showed that HaGland5, a novel effector of H. avenae, was exclusively expressed in dorsal esophageal gland cell of nematode, and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing HaGland5 were significantly more susceptible to H. schachtii than wild-type control plants. Conversely, silencing of HaGland5 through barley stripe mosaic virus-medicated host-induced gene silencing technique substantially reduced the infection of H. avenae in wheat. Moreover, HaGland5 could suppress the plant defense responses, including the repression of plant defense-related genes, reducing deposition of cell wall callose and the burst of reactive oxygen species. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays confirmed that HaGland5 interacted specifically with Arabidopsis pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit (AtEMB3003).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing HaGland5 was significantly more susceptible to H. schachtii than wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae2 - Treatment
- expressing HaGland5e2
- Interactor
- H. schachtiiHeterodera schachtiie2pathogen
- Gene
- HaGland5e2
- Outcome
- susceptiblee2
- Direction
- significantly moree2
- Comparator
- wild-type control plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing HaGland5 were significantly more susceptible to H. schachtii than wild-type control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing HaGland5 by barley stripe mosaic virus-mediated gene silencing substantially reduced H. avenae infection in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume3 - Treatment
- silencing of HaGland5e3
- Interactor
- H. avenae
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Heterodera avenaee3pathogen - Second interactor
- barley stripe mosaic virusBarley stripe mosaic viruse3other
- Gene
- HaGland5e3
- Outcome
- infectione3
- Direction
- substantially reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“silencing of HaGland5 through barley stripe mosaic virus-medicated host-induced gene silencing technique substantially reduced the infection of H. avenae in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
HaGland5 was exclusively expressed in the dorsal esophageal gland cell of the nematode.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Organ / stage
- dorsal esophageal gland celle5
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee5pathogen
- Gene
- HaGland5e5
- Outcome
- exclusively expressede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“HaGland5, a novel effector of H. avenae, was exclusively expressed in dorsal esophageal gland cell of nematode, and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage”
e1“Heterodera avenae mainly infects cereal crops and causes severe economic losses”
Claim · model-written summary
HaGland5 was up-regulated in the early parasitic stage of the nematode.
- Taxon
- cereal cropse1
- Organ / stage
- early parasitic stagee5
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee5pathogen
- Gene
- HaGland5e5
- Outcome
- up-regulatede5
- Direction
- up-regulatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“HaGland5, a novel effector of H. avenae, was exclusively expressed in dorsal esophageal gland cell of nematode, and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage”
e1“Heterodera avenae mainly infects cereal crops and causes severe economic losses”
Claim · model-written summary
HaGland5 suppressed plant defense responses, including defense-related gene repression, callose deposition and reactive oxygen species burst.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Treatment
- HaGland5e4
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee5pathogen
- Outcome
- plant defense responsese4
- Direction
- suppresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“HaGland5 could suppress the plant defense responses, including the repression of plant defense-related genes, reducing deposition of cell wall callose and the burst of reactive oxygen species”
e2“Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing HaGland5 were significantly more susceptible to H. schachtii than wild-type control plants”
e5“HaGland5, a novel effector of H. avenae, was exclusively expressed in dorsal esophageal gland cell of nematode, and up-regulated in the early parasitic stage”
Claim · model-written summary
HaGland5 interacted specifically with the Arabidopsis pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit AtEMB3003.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise6
- Gene
- AtEMB3003e6
- Outcome
- interacted specificallye6
- Qualifier
- pyruvate dehydrogenase subunite6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“interacted specifically with Arabidopsis pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit (AtEMB3003)”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Heterodera avenae · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.