Abstract
Background: Understanding the mechanisms involved in climacteric fruit ripening is key to improve fruit harvest quality and postharvest performance. Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward') ripening involves a series of metabolic changes regulated by ethylene. Although 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, inhibitor of ethylene action) or ozone (O 3 ) exposure suppresses ethylene-related kiwifruit ripening, how these molecules interact during ripening is unknown. Results: Harvested 'Hayward' kiwifruits were treated with 1-MCP and exposed to ethylene-free cold storage (0 C, RH 95%) with ambient atmosphere (control) or atmosphere enriched with O 3 (0.3 L L -1 ) for up to 6 months. Their subsequent ripening performance at 20 C (90% RH) was characterized. Treatment with either 1-MCP or O 3 inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and delayed fruit ripening at 20 C. 1-MCP and O 3 in combination severely inhibited kiwifruit ripening, significantly extending fruit storage potential. To characterize ethylene sensitivity of kiwifruit following 1-MCP and O 3 treatments, fruit were exposed to exogenous ethylene (100 L L -1 , 24 h) upon transfer to 20 C following 4 and 6 months of cold storage. Exogenous ethylene treatment restored ethylene biosynthesis in fruit previously exposed in an O 3 -enriched atmosphere. Comparative proteomics analysis showed separate kiwifruit ripening responses, unraveled common 1-MCP-and O 3 -dependent metabolic pathways and identified specific proteins associated with these different ripening behaviors. Protein components that were differentially expressed following exogenous ethylene exposure after 1-MCP or O 3 treatment were identified and their protein-protein interaction networks were determined. The expression of several kiwifruit ripening related genes, such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1), ethylene receptor (ETR1), lipoxygenase (LOX1), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGP1), and expansin (EXP2), was strongly affected by O 3 , 1-MCP, their combination, and exogenously applied ethylene.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis in kiwifruit compared with ambient atmosphere.
- Taxon
- Kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae0 - Material
- cv. 'Hayward'e0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- endogenous ethylene biosynthesise1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- ambient atmosphere (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“Treatment with either 1-MCP or O 3 inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis”
e2“with ambient atmosphere (control) or atmosphere enriched with O 3 (0.3 L L -1 ) for up to 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
O3 exposure inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis in kiwifruit compared with ambient atmosphere.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- O 3 (0.3 L L -1 )e2
- Outcome
- endogenous ethylene biosynthesise1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- ambient atmosphere (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“Treatment with either 1-MCP or O 3 inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis”
e2“with ambient atmosphere (control) or atmosphere enriched with O 3 (0.3 L L -1 ) for up to 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP delayed kiwifruit ripening at 20 C compared with ambient atmosphere.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCPe1
- Outcome
- fruit ripening at 20 Ce3
- Direction
- delayede3
- Comparator
- ambient atmosphere (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“Treatment with either 1-MCP or O 3 inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis”
e2“with ambient atmosphere (control) or atmosphere enriched with O 3 (0.3 L L -1 ) for up to 6 months”
e3“inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and delayed fruit ripening at 20 C”
Claim · model-written summary
O3 delayed kiwifruit ripening at 20 C compared with ambient atmosphere.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- O 3 (0.3 L L -1 )e2
- Outcome
- fruit ripening at 20 Ce3
- Direction
- delayede3
- Comparator
- ambient atmosphere (control)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e2“with ambient atmosphere (control) or atmosphere enriched with O 3 (0.3 L L -1 ) for up to 6 months”
e3“inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis and delayed fruit ripening at 20 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 1-MCP and O3 severely inhibited kiwifruit ripening.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP and O 3 in combinatione1
- Outcome
- kiwifruit ripeninge1
- Direction
- severely inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“1-MCP and O 3 in combination severely inhibited kiwifruit ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 1-MCP and O3 significantly extended kiwifruit storage potential.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- 1-MCP and O 3 in combinatione1
- Outcome
- fruit storage potentiale2
- Direction
- extendinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“1-MCP and O 3 in combination severely inhibited kiwifruit ripening”
e2“significantly extending fruit storage potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethylene restored ethylene biosynthesis in kiwifruit previously exposed to O3.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- Exogenous ethylenee1
- Outcome
- ethylene biosynthesise1
- Direction
- restorede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“Exogenous ethylene treatment restored ethylene biosynthesis in fruit previously exposed in an O 3 -enriched atmosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Comparative proteomics showed separate kiwifruit ripening responses to 1-MCP and O3.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- separate kiwifruit ripening responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“Comparative proteomics analysis showed separate kiwifruit ripening responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified common 1-MCP- and O3-dependent metabolic pathways in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- common 1-MCP-and O 3 -dependent metabolic pathwayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“unraveled common 1-MCP-and O 3 -dependent metabolic pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified specific kiwifruit proteins associated with the different ripening behaviours.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- specific proteins associated with these different ripening behaviorse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“identified specific proteins associated with these different ripening behaviors”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein components were differentially expressed after exogenous ethylene exposure following 1-MCP or O3 treatment.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- Protein components that were differentially expressede1
- Qualifier
- following exogenous ethylene exposure after 1-MCP or O 3 treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“Protein components that were differentially expressed following exogenous ethylene exposure after 1-MCP or O 3 treatment were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein-protein interaction networks of the differentially expressed proteins were determined.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- protein-protein interaction networkse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“their protein-protein interaction networks were determined”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of ACO1, ETR1 and LOX1 in kiwifruit was strongly affected by O3, 1-MCP, their combination and exogenous ethylene.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- O 3 , 1-MCP, their combination, and exogenously applied ethylenee1
- Gene
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1), ethylene receptor (ETR1), lipoxygenase (LOX1)e1
- Outcome
- expression of several kiwifruit ripening related genese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“The expression of several kiwifruit ripening related genes, such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1), ethylene receptor (ETR1), lipoxygenase (LOX1), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGP1), and expansin (EXP2), was strongly affected by O 3 , 1-MCP, their combination, and exogenously applied ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of GGP1 and EXP2 in kiwifruit was strongly affected by O3, 1-MCP, their combination and exogenous ethylene.
- Taxon
- KiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- O 3 , 1-MCP, their combination, and exogenously applied ethylenee1
- Gene
- geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGP1), and expansin (EXP2)e1
- Outcome
- expression of several kiwifruit ripening related genese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Hayward')”
e1“The expression of several kiwifruit ripening related genes, such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO1), ethylene receptor (ETR1), lipoxygenase (LOX1), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGP1), and expansin (EXP2), was strongly affected by O 3 , 1-MCP, their combination, and exogenously applied ethylene”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.