Abstract
Subsoil tillage loosens compacted soil for better plant growth, but promotes water loss, which is a concern in areas that are commonly irrigated. Therefore, our objective was to determine the physiological responses of high yield spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China. Our experiment during 2014 and 2015 used Zhengdan958 (Hybrid of Zheng58 × Chang7-2, produced by Henan academy of agricultural sciences of China, with the characteristics of tight plant type and high yield) and Xianyu335 (Hybrid of PH6WC × PH4CV, produced by Pioneer Corp of USA, with the characteristic of high yield and suitable of machine-harvesting) with three differing subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as the trial factor and shallow rotary tillage as a control. The results indicated that subsoil tillage increased shoot dry matter accumulation, leading to a greater shoot/root ratio. Subsoil tillage helped retain a greater leaf area index in each growth stage, increased the leaf area duration, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate, and effectively delayed the aging of the blade. On average, compared with shallow rotary, the grain yields and water use efficiency increased by 0.7–8.9% and 1.93–18.49% in subsoil tillage treatment, respectively, resulting in the net income being increased by 2.24% to 6.97%. Additionally, the grain yield, water use efficiency, and net income were the highest under the treatment of a subsoil tillage depth of 50 cm. The results provided a theoretical basis for determining the suitable chiseling depth for high-yielding spring corn in the Western irrigation plains of Inner Mongolia.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage increased shoot dry matter accumulation compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee2
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter accumulatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- shallow rotary tillagee1
- Setting
- Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, Chinae0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e1“subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as the trial factor and shallow rotary tillage as a control”
e2“subsoil tillage increased shoot dry matter accumulation, leading to a greater shoot/root ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage gave a greater shoot/root ratio compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee2
- Outcome
- shoot/root ratioe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- shallow rotary tillagee1
- Setting
- Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e1“subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as the trial factor and shallow rotary tillage as a control”
e2“subsoil tillage increased shoot dry matter accumulation, leading to a greater shoot/root ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage retained a greater leaf area index in each growth stage.
- Organ / stage
- each growth stagee3
- Treatment
- Subsoil tillagee3
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- shallow rotary tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e1“subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as the trial factor and shallow rotary tillage as a control”
e3“Subsoil tillage helped retain a greater leaf area index in each growth stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage increased leaf area duration, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee1
- Outcome
- leaf area duration, net assimilation rate, and relative growth ratee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- shallow rotary tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e1“subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as the trial factor and shallow rotary tillage as a control”
e4“increased the leaf area duration, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoil tillage delayed the aging of the blade compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillagee1
- Outcome
- aging of the bladee5
- Direction
- delayede5
- Comparator
- shallow rotary tillagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e1“subsoil tillage depths (30, 40, or 50 cm) as the trial factor and shallow rotary tillage as a control”
e5“effectively delayed the aging of the blade”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield increased by 0.7–8.9% in subsoil tillage compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillage treatmente6
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 0.7–8.9%e6
- Comparator
- shallow rotarye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e6“compared with shallow rotary, the grain yields and water use efficiency increased by 0.7–8.9% and 1.93–18.49% in subsoil tillage treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency increased by 1.93–18.49% in subsoil tillage compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillage treatmente6
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 1.93–18.49%e6
- Comparator
- shallow rotarye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e6“compared with shallow rotary, the grain yields and water use efficiency increased by 0.7–8.9% and 1.93–18.49% in subsoil tillage treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Net income increased by 2.24% to 6.97% in subsoil tillage compared with shallow rotary tillage.
- Treatment
- subsoil tillage treatmente6
- Outcome
- net incomee7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 2.24% to 6.97%e7
- Comparator
- shallow rotarye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e6“compared with shallow rotary, the grain yields and water use efficiency increased by 0.7–8.9% and 1.93–18.49% in subsoil tillage treatment”
e7“resulting in the net income being increased by 2.24% to 6.97%”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield, water use efficiency and net income were highest under a subsoil tillage depth of 50 cm.
- Treatment
- a subsoil tillage depth of 50 cme7
- Outcome
- grain yield, water use efficiency, and net incomee7
- Direction
- higheste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spring maize (Zea mays L.) to subsoil tillage depth when grown in the Western plain irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, China”
e7“the grain yield, water use efficiency, and net income were the highest under the treatment of a subsoil tillage depth of 50 cm”
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