Abstract
Giant ragweed is an early emerging and one of the most competitive summer annual species found in many fields throughout North America. Extensive use of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops has evolved giant ragweed populations with glyphosate resistance. Field dose-response studies were conducted to determine the influence of growth stage on the level of glyphosate resistance in a suspected giant ragweed population. In addition, efficacy of alternative pre-plant, pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides were evaluated in corn and soybeans for glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed control. The field glyphosate dose-response studies confirmed that the suspected giant ragweed population were resistant ranging from 14- to 32-fold resistance depending on the growth stage of glyphosate application. The 10, 20 and 30 cm tall giant ragweed had 14, 17 and 32X resistance level, respectively. The dose-response studies indicated that the 10, 20, and 30 cm tall GR giant ragweed was controlled 90% with 214, 402 and 482 g ae ha-1 of dicamba, respectively, when tank-mixed with glyphosate (1060 g ae ha-1) 21 days after treatment (DAT). All evaluated pre-plant herbicides for corn provided ≥ 90% control of the GR giant ragweed at 30 DAT; among which the best control (100%) was achieved with pre-plant application of atrazine (2240 g ai ha-1), isoxaflutole (90 g ai ha-1), and premix of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (315 g ai ha-1). Herbicide combinations of different site of action provided greater than 90% control of the GR giant ragweed population in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in corn and soybean, suggesting that alternative herbicide for giant ragweed control are available.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-centimeter giant ragweed had 14-fold glyphosate resistance.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeans
Glycine max
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Interactor
- giant ragweed
.jpg?width=60)
Ambrosia trifidae0weed - Outcome
- resistance levele0
- Value
- 14e0
- Qualifier
- 10, 20 and 30 cm talle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The 10, 20 and 30 cm tall giant ragweed had 14, 17 and 32X resistance level, respectively”
e1“corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-centimeter giant ragweed had 17-fold glyphosate resistance.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- giant ragweedAmbrosia trifidae0weed
- Outcome
- resistance levele0
- Value
- 17e0
- Qualifier
- 10, 20 and 30 cm talle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 10, 20 and 30 cm tall giant ragweed had 14, 17 and 32X resistance level, respectively”
e1“corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-centimeter giant ragweed had 32-fold glyphosate resistance.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- giant ragweedAmbrosia trifidae0weed
- Outcome
- resistance levele0
- Value
- 32Xe0
- Qualifier
- 10, 20 and 30 cm talle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 10, 20 and 30 cm tall giant ragweed had 14, 17 and 32X resistance level, respectively”
e1“corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba at 214 g ae ha-1 controlled 10 cm ragweed 90%.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 214, 402 and 482 g ae ha-1 of dicambae0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede0weed
- Outcome
- GR giant ragweed was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 10, 20, and 30 cm talle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 10, 20, and 30 cm tall GR giant ragweed was controlled 90% with 214, 402 and 482 g ae ha-1 of dicamba, respectively, when tank-mixed with glyphosate (1060 g ae ha-1) 21 days after treatment (DAT)”
e1“corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba at 402 g ae ha-1 controlled 20 cm ragweed 90%.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 402e0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede0weed
- Outcome
- GR giant ragweed was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 10, 20, and 30 cm talle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 10, 20, and 30 cm tall GR giant ragweed was controlled 90% with 214, 402 and 482 g ae ha-1 of dicamba, respectively, when tank-mixed with glyphosate (1060 g ae ha-1) 21 days after treatment (DAT)”
e1“corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba at 482 g ae ha-1 controlled 30 cm ragweed 90%.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- 482 g ae ha-1 of dicambae0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede0weed
- Outcome
- GR giant ragweed was controllede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 30 cm talle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 10, 20, and 30 cm tall GR giant ragweed was controlled 90% with 214, 402 and 482 g ae ha-1 of dicamba, respectively, when tank-mixed with glyphosate (1060 g ae ha-1) 21 days after treatment (DAT)”
e1“corn and soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaluated pre-plant herbicides gave at least 90% ragweed control at 30 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- pre-plant herbicidese0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede0weed
- Outcome
- control of the GR giant ragweede0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- ≥ 90%e0
- Qualifier
- 30 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All evaluated pre-plant herbicides for corn provided ≥ 90% control of the GR giant ragweed at 30 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-plant atrazine achieved 100% ragweed control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- pre-plant application of atrazine (2240 g ai ha-1)e0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best control (100%) was achieved with pre-plant application of atrazine (2240 g ai ha-1), isoxaflutole (90 g ai ha-1), and premix of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (315 g ai ha-1)”
e1“pre-plant herbicides for corn provided ≥ 90% control of the GR giant ragweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-plant isoxaflutole achieved 100% ragweed control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- isoxaflutole (90 g ai ha-1)e0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best control (100%) was achieved with pre-plant application of atrazine (2240 g ai ha-1), isoxaflutole (90 g ai ha-1), and premix of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (315 g ai ha-1)”
e1“pre-plant herbicides for corn provided ≥ 90% control of the GR giant ragweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-plant flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone achieved 100% ragweed control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- premix of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (315 g ai ha-1)e0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede1weed
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best control (100%) was achieved with pre-plant application of atrazine (2240 g ai ha-1), isoxaflutole (90 g ai ha-1), and premix of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (315 g ai ha-1)”
e1“pre-plant herbicides for corn provided ≥ 90% control of the GR giant ragweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicide programs controlled ragweed by over 90% in corn and soybean.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Herbicide combinations of different site of actione0
- Interactor
- GR giant ragweede0weed
- Outcome
- control of the GR giant ragweed populatione0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Qualifier
- PRE followed by POST herbicide programe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide combinations of different site of action provided greater than 90% control of the GR giant ragweed population in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in corn and soybean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.