Abstract
Background: Drought stress is the most common abiotic stress factor which reduces the plant growth and development more than other factors. For this reason, identification of effective factors to increase drought tolerance of plants is necessary requirement. Many reports have been focused on the involvement of polyamines in plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought. Polyamines as growth regulators play important roles in keeping cell membrane stability and reducing ROS generation under water deficit. Carthamus tinctorius is an industrial, medicinal and oil crop from Asteraceae family. Many studies in other plants showed that polyamines increase tolerance to environmental stresses, but physiological responses of water-stressed safflower plants to putrescine is not clear. Thus, this research was carried out to investigate the physiological changes in safflower under different levels of water supply (100% and 40% field capacity) treated by putrescine (0, 40 and 60 µM). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse as factorial arrangement based on complete randomized block design with three replications. Results: Interaction of irrigation Ч putrescine was significant for all traits. Water deficit significantly decreased growth parameters, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble protein. APX, CAT, POX and SOD activities, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, electrolyte leakage, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased under water deficit. Putrescine application alleviated drought stress injury by decreasing MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents, and increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin and soluble protein contents, leading to a better growth of plants. Foliar spray of 60 µM putrescine was the most beneficial treatment for improving safflower growth under water limitation. Conclusions: Water deficit induced oxidative stress and reduced safflower growth. Exogenous putrescine promoted drought tolerance of plants via increasing antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin, soluble protein contents and decreasing lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and H2O2 contents. Overall, 60 µM putrescine was the best treatment for alleviating harmful effects of drought on safflower plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly decreased safflower growth parameters and leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- Safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Treatment
- Water deficite0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, leaf relative water contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Water deficit significantly decreased growth parameters, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly decreased safflower photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Water deficite0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, and soluble proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Water deficit significantly decreased growth parameters, leaf relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, and soluble protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased APX, CAT and POX activities in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- APX, CAT, POXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“APX, CAT, POX and SOD activities, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, electrolyte leakage, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased under water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased SOD activity in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- SOD activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“APX, CAT, POX and SOD activities, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, electrolyte leakage, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased under water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and electrolyte leakage in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, H2O2, electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“APX, CAT, POX and SOD activities, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, electrolyte leakage, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased under water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased proline and soluble sugar contents in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- proline, and soluble sugar contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“APX, CAT, POX and SOD activities, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, electrolyte leakage, proline, and soluble sugar contents increased under water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine application decreased MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents in water-stressed safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- MDA and hydrogen peroxide contentse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Putrescine application alleviated drought stress injury by decreasing MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents, and increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin and soluble protein contents, leading to a better growth of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine application increased photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities in water-stressed safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes activitiese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Putrescine application alleviated drought stress injury by decreasing MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents, and increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin and soluble protein contents, leading to a better growth of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine application increased anthocyanin and soluble protein contents in water-stressed safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and soluble protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Putrescine application alleviated drought stress injury by decreasing MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents, and increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin and soluble protein contents, leading to a better growth of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine application led to better growth of water-stressed safflower plants.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Putrescine applicatione0
- Outcome
- better growth of plantse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Putrescine application alleviated drought stress injury by decreasing MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents, and increasing photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin and soluble protein contents, leading to a better growth of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous putrescine decreased electrolyte leakage in water-stressed safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous putrescinee0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Exogenous putrescine promoted drought tolerance of plants via increasing antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin, soluble protein contents and decreasing lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and H2O2 contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the promoted drought tolerance by exogenous putrescine to increased antioxidant enzyme activities, anthocyanin and soluble protein contents and decreased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and H2O2.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Exogenous putrescinee0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- increasing antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin, soluble protein contents and decreasing lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and H2O2 contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Exogenous putrescine promoted drought tolerance of plants via increasing antioxidant enzymes activities, anthocyanin, soluble protein contents and decreasing lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage and H2O2 contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar spray of 60 µM putrescine was the most beneficial treatment for improving safflower growth under water limitation.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of 60 µM putrescinee0
- Outcome
- safflower growthe0
- Direction
- most beneficial treatmente0
- Qualifier
- under water limitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 60 µM putrescine was the most beneficial treatment for improving safflower growth under water limitation”
Claim · model-written summary
The irrigation by putrescine interaction was significant for all traits measured in safflower.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- all traitse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Safflower”
e0“Interaction of irrigation Ч putrescine was significant for all traits”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →drought · physiology: water · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →drought · physiology: osmolytes · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
drought · physiology: oxidative · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →application · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.