Abstract
This study aimed to determine effects of light-emitting diodes on plant growth, leaf morphology and cell elongation of two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea. Plants were grown in a NFT system for 25 days after transplanting (DAT) under the LEDs [White (W), Red and Blue (RB, ratio 2:1), Blue (B), Red (R) LED] under the same light intensity and photoperiod (130 molm -2 s -1 , 12 hours). The 'World-star' variety was significantly higher in shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf number, and leaf area than the 'Sushiro' variety. For the 'Worldstar' variety, the two treatments of mixed light (RB) and red light (R) showed a 35% higher shoot dry weight than that of blue light (B) and white light (W) at 25 DAT. In the 'Sushiro' variety, mixed light (RB) treatment, which had the highest shoot fresh and dry weights, showed 40% higher than the white light (W) treatment, which had the lowest shoot fresh and dry weights. Both varieties showed leaf epinasty symptom at 21 DAT only in both mixed light (RB) and red light (R), and red light (R) treatment showed significantly higher symptom than mixed light (RB), indicating the leaf epinasty is associated with red light. Microscopic observations of the cell size in the leaf center and edge parts showed that the cell density of leaf edge under the red light (R) was lower than that in leaf center, supporting previous reports that suggest an association of the cell size difference between the leaf center and edge with the leaf epinasty occurrence. Since the blue light (B) plays a role in alleviating the epinasty symptom caused by the red light (R), it seems necessary to identify the appropriate mixing ratio of the two light sources. In addition, the Worldstar variety seems to be more suitable for the cultivation of plant factory using LED light sources.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In the 'World-star' variety, shoot fresh and dry weights were significantly higher than in 'Sushiro'.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Material
- World-stare0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weightse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Sushiroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e1“The 'World-star' variety was significantly higher in shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf number, and leaf area than the 'Sushiro' variety”
Claim · model-written summary
In the 'World-star' variety, leaf number and leaf area were significantly higher than in 'Sushiro'.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Material
- World-stare0
- Outcome
- leaf number, and leaf areae1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Sushiroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e1“The 'World-star' variety was significantly higher in shoot fresh and dry weights, leaf number, and leaf area than the 'Sushiro' variety”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mixed light (RB) and red light (R), the 'Worldstar' variety had 35% higher shoot dry weight than under blue (B) and white (W) light at 25 DAT.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Material
- Worldstare2
- Treatment
- mixed light (RB) and red light (R)e2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 35%e2
- Qualifier
- at 25 DATe2
- Comparator
- blue light (B) and white light (W)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e2“For the 'Worldstar' variety, the two treatments of mixed light (RB) and red light (R) showed a 35% higher shoot dry weight than that of blue light (B) and white light (W) at 25 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
In the 'Sushiro' variety, mixed light (RB), which gave the highest shoot fresh and dry weights, gave 40% higher shoot fresh and dry weights than white light (W).
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Material
- Sushiroe3
- Treatment
- mixed light (RB)e3
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weightse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 40%e3
- Comparator
- white light (W)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e3“In the 'Sushiro' variety, mixed light (RB) treatment, which had the highest shoot fresh and dry weights, showed 40% higher than the white light (W) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cultivars showed leaf epinasty at 21 DAT only under mixed light (RB) and red light (R).
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- mixed light (RB) and red light (R)e4
- Outcome
- leaf epinasty symptome4
- Qualifier
- at 21 DATe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e4“Both varieties showed leaf epinasty symptom at 21 DAT only in both mixed light (RB) and red light (R)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light (R) caused significantly more epinasty symptom than mixed light (RB).
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- red light (R)e5
- Outcome
- symptome5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- mixed light (RB)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e5“red light (R) treatment showed significantly higher symptom than mixed light (RB)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret leaf epinasty as associated with red light.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- red lighte6
- Outcome
- leaf epinastye6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e6“indicating the leaf epinasty is associated with red light”
Claim · model-written summary
Under red light (R), cell density at the leaf edge was lower than at the leaf center.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf edgee7
- Treatment
- red light (R)e7
- Outcome
- cell densitye7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- leaf centere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e7“Microscopic observations of the cell size in the leaf center and edge parts showed that the cell density of leaf edge under the red light (R) was lower than that in leaf center”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret blue light (B) as alleviating the epinasty symptom caused by red light (R).
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- blue light (B)e1
- Outcome
- epinasty symptome1
- Direction
- alleviatinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e1“Since the blue light (B) plays a role in alleviating the epinasty symptom caused by the red light (R)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend identifying the appropriate mixing ratio of the two light sources.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- appropriate mixing ratio of the two light sourcese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e1“it seems necessary to identify the appropriate mixing ratio of the two light sources”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the 'Worldstar' variety is more suitable for plant factory cultivation under LED light.
- Taxon
- Spinacia oleraceaSpinacia oleraceae0
- Material
- Worldstare1
- Outcome
- more suitable for the cultivatione1
- Setting
- plant factorye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two cultivars ('World-star' and 'Sushiro') of Spinacia oleracea”
e1“the Worldstar variety seems to be more suitable for the cultivation of plant factory using LED light sources”
The same questions in other papers
light · disease · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
light · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.