Abstract
Current retail marketing conditions allow produce to receive artificial light 24 h per day during its displayed shelf life. Essential human-health vitamins [ascorbic acid (vit C), folate (vit B(9)), phylloquinone (vit K(1)), alpha-tocopherol (vit E), and the carotenoids lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene (provit A)] also are essential for photosynthesis and are biosynthesized in plants by light conditions even under chilling temperatures. Spinach leaves, notably abundant in the aforementioned human-health compounds, were harvested from flat-leaf 'Lazio' and crinkle-leafed 'Samish' cultivars at peak whole-plant maturity as baby (top- and midcanopy) and larger (lower-canopy) leaves. Leaves were placed as a single layer in commercial, clear-polymer retail boxes and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 9 days under continuous light (26.9 micromol.m(2 ).s) or dark. Top-canopy, baby-leaf spinach generally had higher concentrations of all bioactive compounds, on a dry weight basis, with the exception of carotenoids, than bottom-canopy leaves. All leaves stored under continuous light generally had higher levels of all bioactive compounds, except beta-carotene and violaxanthin, and were more prone to wilting, especially the flat-leafed cultivar. All leaves stored under continuous darkness had declining or unchanged levels of the aforementioned bioactive compounds. Findings from this study revealed that spinach leaves exposed to simulated retail continuous light at 4 degrees C, in clear plastic containers, were overall more nutritionally dense (enriched) than leaves exposed to continuous darkness.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Top-canopy, baby-leaf spinach generally had higher concentrations of bioactive compounds than bottom-canopy leaves, except carotenoids.
- Taxon
- Spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Organ / stage
- Top-canopy, baby-leafe1
- Outcome
- bioactive compoundse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- with the exception of carotenoidse1
- Comparator
- bottom-canopy leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spinach Leaves”
e1“Top-canopy, baby-leaf spinach generally had higher concentrations of all bioactive compounds, on a dry weight basis, with the exception of carotenoids, than bottom-canopy leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves stored under continuous light generally had higher levels of bioactive compounds than leaves stored under continuous darkness, except beta-carotene and violaxanthin.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- continuous lighte1
- Outcome
- bioactive compoundse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- except beta-carotene and violaxanthine1
- Comparator
- continuous darknesse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spinach Leaves”
e1“All leaves stored under continuous light generally had higher levels of all bioactive compounds, except beta-carotene and violaxanthin”
e2“All leaves stored under continuous darkness had declining or unchanged levels of the aforementioned bioactive compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves stored under continuous light were more prone to wilting than leaves stored under continuous darkness, especially the flat-leafed cultivar.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Material
- flat-leafed cultivare2
- Treatment
- continuous lighte1
- Outcome
- wiltinge2
- Direction
- more pronee2
- Comparator
- continuous darknesse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spinach Leaves”
e1“All leaves stored under continuous light generally had higher levels of all bioactive compounds, except beta-carotene and violaxanthin”
e2“were more prone to wilting, especially the flat-leafed cultivar”
e3“All leaves stored under continuous darkness had declining or unchanged levels of the aforementioned bioactive compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves stored under continuous darkness had declining or unchanged levels of bioactive compounds compared with continuous light.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- continuous darknesse1
- Outcome
- bioactive compoundse1
- Direction
- declining or unchangede1
- Comparator
- continuous lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spinach Leaves”
e1“All leaves stored under continuous darkness had declining or unchanged levels of the aforementioned bioactive compounds”
e2“All leaves stored under continuous light generally had higher levels of all bioactive compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach leaves exposed to simulated retail continuous light at 4 degrees C in clear plastic containers were overall more nutritionally dense than leaves in continuous darkness.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- simulated retail continuous lighte0
- Outcome
- nutritionally dense (enriched)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- continuous darknesse0
- Setting
- clear plastic containerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spinach leaves exposed to simulated retail continuous light at 4 degrees C, in clear plastic containers, were overall more nutritionally dense (enriched) than leaves exposed to continuous darkness”
The same questions in other papers
light · disease · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
light · quality: phytochemicals · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.