Abstract
Agricultural intensification over the last 40 years has increased cereal yields, but there is very limited information on the effects of intensification practices (e.g., nondiverse rotations, mineral NPK fertilizer, and pesticides) on crop health and quality. Results from the study reported here suggest that the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs. In contrast, the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations. The use of composted FYM inputs also resulted in a significant grain yield reduction and not substantially reduced the severity of opportunistic pathogens such as Septoria, which remain a major yield limiting factor unless fungicides are used and/or more Septoria resistant varieties become available.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral NPK fertilizers reduced wheat leaf phenolic acid concentrations relative to composted FYM.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- mineral NPK fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- phenolic acide0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- composted FYM inputse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral NPK fertilizers reduced wheat leaf flavonoid concentrations relative to composted FYM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- mineral NPK fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- flavonoid concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- composted FYM inputse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral NPK fertilizers increased wheat susceptibility to lodging relative to composted FYM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- mineral NPK fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- susceptibility of wheat to lodginge0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- composted FYM inputse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral NPK fertilizers increased wheat susceptibility to powdery mildew relative to composted FYM.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- mineral NPK fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- composted FYM inputse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of mineral NPK fertilizers reduces phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations in leaves and increases the susceptibility of wheat to lodging and powdery mildew, when compared to composted FYM inputs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced wheat lodging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicidese0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations.”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides reduced wheat foliar disease severity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- foliar disease severitye0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations.”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators reduced wheat lodging.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations.”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The crop protection and regulator treatments had no effect on leaf phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrationse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of herbicides, fungicides, and growth regulators reduces lodging and foliar disease severity but had no effect on phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations.”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted FYM inputs significantly reduced wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- composted FYM inputse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of composted FYM inputs also resulted in a significant grain yield reduction”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Composted FYM did not substantially reduce Septoria severity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- composted FYM inputse0
- Outcome
- severity of opportunistic pathogens such as Septoriae0
- Direction
- not substantially reducede0
SeptoriaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“composted FYM inputs also resulted in a significant grain yield reduction and not substantially reduced the severity of opportunistic pathogens such as Septoria”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify Septoria as a major yield limiting factor without fungicides or more resistant varieties.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- major yield limiting factore0
- Qualifier
- unless fungicides are used and/or more Septoria resistant varieties become availablee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Septoria, which remain a major yield limiting factor unless fungicides are used and/or more Septoria resistant varieties become available.”
t0“Wheat Production Systems”
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See all 3,438 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.